Sadler's Lectures

Martin Heidegger, What Is Metaphysics - The Nature Of Metaphysical Inquiry - Sadler's Lectures

December 04, 2020 19:40 - 13 minutes - 17.9 MB

This lecture discusses the 20th century philosopher, Martin Heidegger, and focuses on his centrally important essay "What Is Metaphysics?" Here we examine Heidegger's discussion about the nature and scope of metaphysical inquiry. Heidegger outlines two conditions for genuine metaphysical inquiry, and discusses how metaphysics is essential for human beings. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so ...

Simone De Beauvoir, The Second Sex - Duplicity Between The Sexes

December 03, 2020 18:18 - 16 minutes - 24.1 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century existentialist and feminist philosopher, novelist, essayist, and playwright Simone de Beavoir's book, The Second Sex It focuses specifically on her her examination of relations between men and women, in which members of both sides are involved in duplicity. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACo...

Simone De Beauvoir, The Second Sex - Life, Thought, And Logic

December 02, 2020 22:09 - 13 minutes - 19.5 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century existentialist and feminist philosopher, novelist, essayist, and playwright Simone de Beavoir's book, The Second Sex It focuses specifically on her examination of how women get accused of being illogical, simply contrary, resentful, or obstinate. She argues that women are not illogical or against logic per se, but find themselves opposed to uses of logic and thought that set them at a disadvantage. To support my ongoing work, go to my...

Simone De Beauvoir, The Second Sex - Woman Immanence And Things

December 01, 2020 20:30 - 16 minutes - 22.5 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century existentialist and feminist philosopher, novelist, essayist, and playwright Simone de Beavoir's book, The Second Sex It focuses specifically on her examination of transcendence and immanence and the distinction between men and women. In her view, women are typically denied the transcendence accorded to men as human beings, and come to be objectified as things. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler ...

Simone De Beauvoir, The Second Sex - Superiority, Inferiority, And Equality

December 01, 2020 00:29 - 11 minutes - 15.8 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century existentialist and feminist philosopher, novelist, essayist, and playwright Simone de Beavoir's book, The Second Sex It focuses specifically on her examination of the modalities of superiority, equality, and inferiority for men and women. Her existentialist stance involves rejection of either men or women making claims to being superior as a sex. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd lik...

Simone De Beauvoir, The Second Sex - Male Assertions Of Female Inferiority

November 29, 2020 20:59 - 16 minutes - 24.1 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century existentialist and feminist philosopher, novelist, essayist, and playwright Simone de Beauvoir's book, The Second Sex It focuses specifically on her critical examination of the history of male assertions of female inferiority. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4qu...

Simone De Beauvoir, The Second Sex - Women As Other

November 28, 2020 20:08 - 17 minutes - 25.6 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century existentialist and feminist philosopher, novelist, essayist, and playwright Simone de Beavoir's book, The Second Sex It focuses specifically on her discussion of women as being the Other. Her examination also discusses other modes of alterity, in which political power, class or race function as the bases for making some group of people the Other. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like ...

Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State Utopia - The Experience Machine - Sadler's Lectures

November 28, 2020 03:24 - 18 minutes - 25.2 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, Robert Nozick's book Anarchy, State, and Utopia Specifically it examines his discussion of the "Experience Machine", in which Nozick proposes a thought experiment involving a machine that would allow a person to have any experiences they choose, for an entire lifetime if they wish. He also brings up the possibility of other machines, including a Transformation Machine and a Results Machine. The key question is whether a p...

David Hume, Treatise Of Human Nature - Calm Passions - Sadler's Lectures

November 27, 2020 00:16 - 10 minutes - 15.5 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher, essayist, and historian, David Hume's work A Treatise of Human Nature Specifically it examines his discussion of what he terms the "calm passions", which include "benevolence and resentment, the love of life, and kindness to children; or the general appetite to good, and aversion to evil". To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so h...

David Hume, Treatise Of Human Nature - Conflicts Between Reason And Passion - Sadler's Lectures

November 26, 2020 01:48 - 15 minutes - 23.2 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher, essayist, and historian, David Hume's work A Treatise of Human Nature Specifically it examines his discussion of the relation between reason and passion, which many portray as a conflict between those. Hume famously asserts: "We speak not strictly and philosophically when we talk of the combat of passion and of reason. Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than...

David Hume, Treatise Of Human Nature - Reason, Will, And Action - Sadler's Lectures

November 24, 2020 16:29 - 12 minutes - 18.1 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 18th century philosopher, essayist, and historian, David Hume's work A Treatise of Human Nature Specifically it examines his discussion about the role that reason plays in determining our wills to action, by contrast to the passions, emotions, or desires. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buyme...

Gabriel Marcel, On The Ontological Mystery - Recollection And Assurance - Sadler's Lectures

November 23, 2020 01:51 - 23 minutes - 34.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, playwright, and musician, Gabriel Marcel's essay Concrete Approaches to Investigating the Ontological Mystery. Specifically it examines his discussion of mystery as metaproblematic and the assurance it is encountered with. This leads into discussion of recollection (receuillement in French) and its role in helping us apprehend mysteries and our involvement in them. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.pa...

Gabriel Marcel, On The Ontological Mystery - Availability (Disponibilité)- Sadler's Lectures

November 21, 2020 21:27 - 21 minutes - 31.6 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century philosopher, playwright, and musician, Gabriel Marcel's essay Concrete Approaches to Investigating the Ontological Mystery. Specifically it examines his discussion "availability" (disponibilité, in French) to other people. Another way of understanding this would be in relation to the value or virtue of charity or agape. Marcel also discusses the relation between a lack of availability and self-centeredness and alienation. To support m...

G.W.F. Hegel, Phenomenology Of Spirit - The Slave's Development - Sadler's Lectures

November 20, 2020 22:41 - 12 minutes - 18.5 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century German Idealist philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's work, the Phenomenology of Spirit It focuses specifically on his discussion of the dialectical development of the Slave's consciousness in the famous Master-Slave dialectic. Three things are required for this development of consciousness for-itself, i.e, independent consciousness to take place: Fear, Service, and Work. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www...

G.W.F. Hegel, Phenomenology Of Spirit - The Master's Position - Sadler's Lectures

November 19, 2020 18:57 - 11 minutes - 16 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century German Idealist philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's work, the Phenomenology of Spirit It focuses specifically on his discussion of the position of the Master in the famous Master-Slave dialectic, which involves enjoying the recognition coming from the slave, but also the enjoyment of the products worked upon by the slave. The master is able to satisfy his or her desire, but does not develop dialectically any further. To suppo...

G.W.F. Hegel, Phenomenology Of Spirit - Self - Consciousness And The Struggle To The Death

November 18, 2020 19:02 - 13 minutes - 18.5 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century German Idealist philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's work, the Phenomenology of Spirit It focuses specifically on his discussion bearing upon the famous "struggle to the death" occurring between two self-consciousnesses, each of which desires its recognition from the other. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/...

G.W.F Hegel, Phenomenology Of Spirit - Self-Consciousness And Mediation - Sadler's Lectures

November 17, 2020 20:11 - 7 minutes - 10.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century German Idealist philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's work, the Phenomenology of Spirit It focuses specifically on his discussion of how self-consciousness is mediated by another self-consciousness. In other terms, self-consciousness exists as such only in relation to its other. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.payp...

G.W.F. Hegel, Phenomenology Of Spirit - Ambiguity & Duplication Of Self-Consciousness

November 16, 2020 22:05 - 14 minutes - 19.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century German Idealist philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's work, the Phenomenology of Spirit It focuses specifically on his his discussion bearing upon the duplication (or doubling) of self-consciousness in relation to its other. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee....

G.W.F Hegel, Phenomenology Of Spirit - Self-Consciousness, Desire, And Spirit - Sadler's Lectures

November 16, 2020 00:07 - 11 minutes - 15.2 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century German Idealist philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's work, the Phenomenology of Spirit It focuses specifically on his discussion bearing upon the nature of self-consciousness as desire for the other. The desire (Begierde) is actually for recognition (Anerkennen) from the other. Self-consciousness cannot be what it is - cannot be related to itself, and understand itself adequately - without its other. Following out this dialec...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Justice And Utility

November 13, 2020 01:25 - 14 minutes - 20.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on chapter 5, where he discusses the relationship between justice and utility. In doing so, he addresses some common criticisms of utilitarianism moral theory. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - w...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Justice And Utility - Sadler's Lectures

November 13, 2020 01:25 - 14 minutes - 20.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on chapter 5, where he discusses the relationship between justice and utility. In doing so, he addresses some common criticisms of utilitarianism moral theory. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - w...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - What Having A Right Means

November 11, 2020 20:33 - 10 minutes - 14.1 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on chapter 5, where he discusses the nature of rights. Mill views rights as correlative to duties, and as requiring enforcement by society To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - What Having A Right Means - Sadler's Lectures

November 11, 2020 20:33 - 10 minutes - 14.1 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on chapter 5, where he discusses the nature of rights. Mill views rights as correlative to duties, and as requiring enforcement by society To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buymeacoffee.com/A4...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Five Conceptions Of Justice - Sadler's Lectures

November 08, 2020 22:50 - 16 minutes - 23.1 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on chapter 5, where Mill distinguishes five common senses of "justice" (and correlatively "injustice"): respecting legal rights, respecting moral rights, giving people what they deserve, honoring commitments, and impartiality. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you ...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Five Conceptions Of Justice

November 08, 2020 22:50 - 16 minutes - 23.1 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on chapter 5, where Mill distinguishes five common senses of "justice" (and correlatively "injustice"): respecting legal rights, respecting moral rights, giving people what they deserve, honoring commitments, and impartiality. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you ...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Happiness, Goods, And Virtue - Sadler's Lectures

November 06, 2020 22:29 - 14 minutes - 11.6 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on chapter 4, where Mill discusses the nature of happiness and argues that virtue can -- and ought to -- be an important component in happiness. He also explains his views on how virtue comes to be viewed as a intrinsic good to human beings, through the agency of habit. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If y...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Happiness, Goods, And Virtue

November 06, 2020 22:29 - 14 minutes - 11.6 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on chapter 4, where Mill discusses the nature of happiness and argues that virtue can -- and ought to -- be an important component in happiness. He also explains his views on how virtue comes to be viewed as a intrinsic good to human beings, through the agency of habit. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If y...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Utilitarianism, Sanctions, And Duty - Sadler's Lectures

November 06, 2020 03:31 - 16 minutes - 13.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on on chapter 3, where Mill starts out by discussing the "sanctions" (a term he is taking from Bentham) providing a basis for accepting Utilitarianism, and then discusses his view of the nature of duty, the sense of obligation it creates in a person, and the role of habit in establishing this notion. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site ...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Utilitarianism, Sanctions, And Duty

November 06, 2020 03:31 - 16 minutes - 13.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically on on chapter 3, where Mill starts out by discussing the "sanctions" (a term he is taking from Bentham) providing a basis for accepting Utilitarianism, and then discusses his view of the nature of duty, the sense of obligation it creates in a person, and the role of habit in establishing this notion. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site ...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - The Ideal Judge Of Pleasures

November 01, 2020 16:21 - 15 minutes - 13.5 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically his discussion in chapter 2, where, after introducing his distinction between higher and lower pleasures, Mill discusses what sorts of people are able to be good judges of the quality of pleasures. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.m...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Responses To Criticisms Of Utilitarianism - Sadler's Lectures

October 31, 2020 19:37 - 20 minutes - 24.4 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically his discussion in the second chapter, where he reviews and then responds to common criticisms of Utilitarian moral theory made in his time, most of which remain relevant in our own time. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO ...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Responses To Criticisms Of Utilitarianism

October 31, 2020 19:37 - 20 minutes - 24.4 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically his discussion in the second chapter, where he reviews and then responds to common criticisms of Utilitarian moral theory made in his time, most of which remain relevant in our own time. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO ...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Why People Do Not Appreciate Higher Pleasures - Sadler's Lectures

October 30, 2020 16:30 - 11 minutes - 15.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically his discussion in chapter 2, in which Mill discusses why many people do not in fact prefer qualitatively higher pleasures to lower pleasures. He discusses cases of weakness of will, and cases where a person loses his or her capacity to appreciate higher pleasures. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd l...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Why People Do Not Appreciate Higher Pleasures

October 30, 2020 16:30 - 11 minutes - 15.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically his discussion in chapter 2, in which Mill discusses why many people do not in fact prefer qualitatively higher pleasures to lower pleasures. He discusses cases of weakness of will, and cases where a person loses his or her capacity to appreciate higher pleasures. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd l...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Qualitatively Higher And Lower Pleasures

October 29, 2020 21:26 - 17 minutes - 13.5 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically his discussion in chapter 2, where, after introducing his distinction between higher and lower pleasures, Mill discusses difference in quality of pleasures. There are higher pleasures - associated with higher faculties of the human being - and lower pleasures - associated with lower faculties. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www....

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Qualitatively Higher And Lower Pleasures - Sadler's Lectures

October 29, 2020 21:26 - 17 minutes - 13.5 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically his discussion in chapter 2, where, after introducing his distinction between higher and lower pleasures, Mill discusses difference in quality of pleasures. There are higher pleasures - associated with higher faculties of the human being - and lower pleasures - associated with lower faculties. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www....

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Utilitarianism As A Basis For Other Moral Theories

October 27, 2020 21:59 - 12 minutes - 14.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically his discussion in the first chapter, where Mill attempts to argue that Utilitarianism really underlies other moral theories, insofar as they actually are moral theories. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACof...

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism - Utilitarianism As Basis For Moral Theories - Sadler's Lectures

October 27, 2020 21:59 - 12 minutes - 14.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 19th century Utilitarian philosopher John Stuart Mill's work, Utilitarianism It focuses specifically his discussion in the first chapter, where Mill attempts to argue that Utilitarianism really underlies other moral theories, insofar as they actually are moral theories. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACof...

Augustine Of Hippo, On Free Choice Of Will Book 1 - Proper Order In A Human Being

October 22, 2020 18:41 - 11 minutes - 15.6 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, On Free Choice of the Will. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 1 about the proper ordering of the faculties within a human being that aligns that person with the eternal law. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at BuyMeACoffee - www.buym...

Augustine Of Hippo, On Free Choice Of Will Book 1 - The Will And The Virtues

October 20, 2020 19:38 - 12 minutes - 17.4 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, On Free Choice of the Will. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 1 about the role that the cardinal virtues - temperance, courage, justice, and prudence - play in moral life and in the good will. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at Buy...

Augustine Of Hippo, On Free Choice Of Will Book 1 - What A Good Will Is - Sadler's Lectures

October 19, 2020 20:13 - 12 minutes - 18.2 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, On Free Choice of the Will. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 1 about the good will and what it consists in. For Augustine the good will in not only a will by which we strive to live rightly, in accordance with the eternal law, but also is something reflexive - that is, the good will wills to maintain itself when it has to choose between the good will and temporal goo...

Augustine Of Hippo, On Free Choice Of The Will Book 1 - Temporal Law And Eternal Law

October 15, 2020 21:07 - 12 minutes - 17.6 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, On Free Choice of the Will. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 1 about the distinction between eternal law and temporal law. The eternal law, also known as the law of reason, provides unchanging norms for the changing temporal law. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so her...

Augustine Of Hippo,On Free Choice Of Will Book 1 - Christian Faith And Human Reason

October 14, 2020 23:53 - 12 minutes - 17.5 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, On Free Choice of the Will. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 1 about the interaction between Christian faith and human reason in that text. Augustine takes as a starting point the scriptural passage, "Unless you believe, you will not understand", and interprets it in light of a human reason which in some manner cooperates with the divine, which aids it in its quest f...

Augustine Of Hippo, On Free Choice Of Will Book 1 - The Causes Of Wrongdoing

October 13, 2020 19:13 - 14 minutes - 21 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, On Free Choice of the Will. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 1 about what the source of the wrongness of wrongdoing is. Augustine and his student, Evodius discuss whether it is violation of the law or other social norms, passion (libido), desire, or fear, or - as it ultimately turns out to be - the human will. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www....

Augustine Of Hippo, City Of God Book 11 - Goodness Of Creation And Natural Evil

October 11, 2020 00:58 - 14 minutes - 20.6 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, The City of God. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 11 bearing on the problem of evil, namely why, if there is a perfectly good, omniscient, and omnipotent God, evil exists in the world. One way of initially addressing this is to make the distinction between moral evil, which depends upon the wills of creatures, and natural evil, which has to do with the workings of th...

Augustine Of Hippo, City Of God Book 11 - Creation, Time, And Space

October 09, 2020 23:50 - 11 minutes - 16.2 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, The City of God. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 11 bearing on the understanding of the Genesis passage "in the beginning, God created the heavens and earth", to which he provides a metaphysical interpretation. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me...

Augustine Of Hippo, City Of God Book 11 - Existence, Knowledge, And Love

October 09, 2020 00:53 - 11 minutes - 15.4 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, The City of God. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 11 which starts with an observation about how human beings are created in the image of God, i.e. the Trinity. Augustine then sets out the structure of the human being in trinitarian or triadic terms of existence, knowledge, and love. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd...

Augustine Of Hippo, City Of God Book 11 - Knowledge Of God And The Mediator

October 07, 2020 02:31 - 14 minutes - 20.8 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, The City of God. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 11 about the need for a "mediator" in order for human beings to learn and understand as full a set of truths about the divine as they are capable. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so here - www.paypal.me/ReasonIO - or at...

Augustine Of Hippo, City Of God Book 5 - Divine Foreknowledge And Human Free Will

October 05, 2020 19:30 - 16 minutes - 22.8 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the early medieval philosopher and theologian, Augustine of Hippo's work, The City of God. It focuses specifically his discussion in book 5 about whether divine foreknowledge and human free will are compatible and whether they are the case or not. He takes Marcus Tullius Cicero and the Stoics as the interlocutors whose positions he argues against. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct...

A J Ayer Language Truth And Logic - Ethics And Social Sciences

October 04, 2020 19:34 - 13 minutes - 19.3 MB

This lecture discusses key ideas from the 20th century Analytic philosopher, A.J. Ayer's book Language, Truth, and Logic It focuses specifically on his contention that - after examining the field of ethics through an emotivist lens, ethics ought properly be viewed as falling within the scope of the social sciences, psychology and sociology in particular. To support my ongoing work, go to my Patreon site - www.patreon.com/sadler If you'd like to make a direct contribution, you can do so her...

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