PubReading
346 episodes - English - Latest episode: 10 months ago -Researchers would love if they can expand time to fit in that publication, article, or review of their topic of interest; if that were true, however, there is no end to bottomless scrolling and missing the important details. PubReading would read out the abstract, results, and discussions to allow hassle-free information and a chance to create connections with like-minded individuals.
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Episodes
PubReading [346] - Transparency Is the Key to Quality - A. Fosang & R. Colbran
July 03, 2023 11:00 - 13 minutes - 12.5 MBA workshop held last June by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director’s Office, Nature Publishing Group, and Science focused on the role that journals play in supporting scientific research that is reproducible, robust, and transparent. The “Principles and Guidelines for Reporting Preclinical Research” that emerged from the workshop have since been endorsed by nearly 80 societies, journals, and associations.VOL.290,NO.50,pp.29692–29694 - 2015
PubReading [343] - The changing career trajectories of new parents in STEM - E. Cech & M. Blair-Loy
June 26, 2023 12:00 - 28 minutes - 26.3 MBThe gender imbalance in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields has remained constant for decades and increases the farther up the STEM career pipeline one looks. Why does the underrepresentation of women endure? This study investigated the role of parenthood as a mechanism of gender-differentiated attrition from STEM employment. Using a nationally representative 8-year longitudinal sample of US STEM professionals, we examined the career trajectories of new parents after the...
PubReading [341] - Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) in Cancer Therapy- A Database of CNM-Based Nanocarrier Systems - H. Mohan, A. Fagan & S. Giordani
June 21, 2023 11:00 - 28 minutes - 26.3 MBCarbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are an incredibly versatile class of materials that can be used as scaffolds to construct anticancer nanocarrier systems. The ease of chemical functionalisation, biocompatibility, and intrinsic therapeutic capabilities of many of these nanoparticles can be leveraged to design effective anticancer systems. This article is the first comprehensive review of CNM-based nanocarrier systems that incorporate approved chemotherapy drugs, and many different types of CNMs and...
PubReading [340] - The application of human tissue for drug discovery and development - M. Clotworthy
June 19, 2023 12:00 - 23 minutes - 21.6 MBHuman tissues are invaluable resources for pharmaceutical research. They provide information about disease pathophysiology - and equally importantly, healthy function; confirmation (or refutation) of potential drug targets; validation (or otherwise) of other models employed; and functional models for assessing drugs’ effects, whether beneficial or undesirable, in the most appropriate environment that can be replicated outside the human body. While human tissues have long been prized by pathol...
PubReading [339] - Pleiotropic Effects of Icariside II on the Cardiovascular System- Novel Applications of Ethnopharmacology in Targeting Vascular Remodeling - C. Shan, R. Murphy et al.
June 16, 2023 12:00 - 17 minutes - 16.3 MBAlbert Einstein once eloquently stated “We still do not know one thousandth of one percent of what nature has revealed to us.” Mother Nature has proven time and again to be the best engineer, architect, scientist, and doctor. This fact has not been lost on mankind, and since time immemorial, we have looked to nature for answers to human conditions and diseases. Indeed, our first evidence dates back to preliterary history as long as 50,000 years ago, in archaeological discoveries from a Middle...
PubReading [338] - A Systems Biology Approach to Investigate Kinase Signal Transduction Networks That Are Involved in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Resistance to Cisplatin - N. Mukherjee, A. Eustace et al.
June 14, 2023 12:00 - 38 minutes - 35.4 MBTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a therapeutic challenge due to the lack of targetable genetic alterations and the frequent development of resistance to the standard cisplatin-based chemotherapies. Here, we have taken a systems biology approach to investigate kinase signal transduction networks that are involved in TNBC resistance to cisplatin. Treating a panel of cisplatin- sensitive and cisplatin-resistant TNBC cell lines with a panel of kinase inhibitors allowed us to reconstru...
PubReading [337] - Training early career researchers to use meta- research to improve science- A participant- guided “learn by doing” approach - T. Weissgerber
June 12, 2023 11:00 - 18 minutes - 16.8 MBMeta-research, or the science of science, is a powerful technique that scientists can use to improve science, however most scientists are unaware that meta-research exists and courses are rare. This initiative demonstrates the feasibility of a participant-guided “learn by doing” approach, in which a multidisciplinary, global team of early career researchers learned meta-research skills by working together to design, conduct and publish a meta-research study.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbi...
PubReading [336] - Foldaxanes- Rotaxane-like Architectures from Foldamers - V. Koegler, Y. Ferrand et al.
June 09, 2023 12:00 - 43 minutes - 39.6 MBMechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes contain free-moving components that cannot dissociate and have enabled the investigation and control of various translational and rotational molecular motions. The architecture of pseudo-rotaxanes and of some kinetically labile rotaxanes is comparable to that of rotaxanes but their components are reversibly associated and not irreversibly interlocked. In other words, pseudo-rotaxanes may fall apart. This Account focuses on a p...
PubReading [335] - Delta chirality ruthenium ‘light-switch’ complexes can bind in the minor groove of DNA with five different binding modes - J. Hall, C. Cardin et al.
June 07, 2023 12:00 - 25 minutes - 22.9 MB[Ru(phen)2 (dppz)]2+ has been studied since the 1990s due to its ‘light-switch’ properties. It can be used as a luminescent DNA probe, with emission switched on through DNA binding. The luminescence observed is dependent on the solvent accessibility of the pyrazine nitrogen atoms, and therefore is sensitive to changes in both binding site of the cation and chromophore orientation. The compound is also chiral, and there are distinct differences between the enantiomers in terms of the emission ...
PubReading [334] - Open science challenges, benefits and tips in early career and beyond - C. Allen & D. Mehler
June 05, 2023 12:00 - 49 minutes - 45.1 MBThe movement towards open science is a consequence of seemingly pervasive failures to replicate previous research. This transition comes with great benefits but also significant challenges that are likely to affect those who carry out the research, usually early career researchers (ECRs). Here, we describe key benefits, including reputational gains, increased chances of publication, and a broader increase in the reliability of research. The increased chances of publication are supported by ex...
PubReading [333] - Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases - D. Gibson, H. Smith et al.
May 31, 2023 11:40 - 10 minutes - 9.67 MBWe describe an isothermal, single-reaction method for assembling multiple overlapping DNA molecules by the concerted action of a 5' exonuclease, a DNA polymerase and a DNA ligase. First we recessed DNA fragments, yielding single-stranded DNA overhangs that specifically annealed, and then covalently joined them. This assembly method can be used to seamlessly construct synthetic and natural genes, genetic pathways and entire genomes, and could be a useful molecular engineering tool.DOI:10.1038...
PubReading [332] - Do natural DNA triple-helical structures occur and function in vivo? -
May 30, 2023 11:00 - 37 minutes - 34 MBFormation of natural intramolecular triple-helical structures of DNA is still an intriguing research topic in view of the possible involvement of these structures in biological processes. The biochemical and biophysical properties of DNA triplex structures have been extensively studied, and experimental data show that H-DNA is likely to form in vivo and may regulate the expression of various genes. However, direct and unambiguous evidence of the possible biological roles of these structures ...
PubReading [331] - Addressing Isolation in the Scientific Community - D. Tomasello
May 29, 2023 11:00 - 9 minutes - 8.79 MBIn STEM, and particularly in science, many early career researchers find themselves isolated and lacking guidance. There is an enormous need to connect early career scientists with experienced professionals outside their immediate work environment. A new initiative aims to create a supportive community to foster communication between scientists through all stages of their career.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2019.08.007 - 2019
PubReading [330] - Diversity and Complexity of the Large Surface Protein Family in the Compacted Genomes of Multiple Pneumocystis Species - L. Ma, J. Kovacs et al.
May 24, 2023 12:00 - 50 minutes - 45.8 MBPneumocystis, a major opportunistic pathogen in patients with a broad range of immunodeficiencies, contains abundant surface proteins encoded by a multicopy gene family, termed the major surface glycoprotein (Msg) gene superfamily. This superfamily has been identified in all Pneumocystis species characterized to date, highlighting its important role in Pneumocystis biology. In this report, through a comprehensive and in-depth characterization of 459 msg genes from 7 Pneumocys- tis species, we...
PubReading [329] - The immune suppressive tumor microenvironment in multiple myeloma- The contribution of myeloid-derived suppressor cells - C. Giannotta, F. Autino and M. Massaia
May 23, 2023 11:00 - 32 minutes - 29.7 MBMyeloid derived suppressors cells (MDSC) play major roles in regulating immune homeostasis and immune responses in many conditions, including cancer. MDSC interact with cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) with direct and indirect mechanisms: production of soluble factors and cytokines, expression of surface inhibitory molecules, metabolic rewiring and exosome release. The two-way relationship between MDSC and tumor cells results in immune evasion and cancer outgrowth. In mult...
PubReading [328] - Reflections on scientific collaboration between basic researchers and clinicians - J. Muia & C. Casari
May 22, 2023 11:00 - 14 minutes - 13.3 MBEarly career researchers face uncertainties with respect to their job prospects due to dwindling job markets, decreased availability of funding and undefined career paths. As basic researchers and clinicians tend to have different approaches to scientific problems, there are many advantages from successful collaborations between them. Here, we discuss how collaborations between basic and clinical scientists should be promoted early in their careers. To achieve this, researchers, both basic an...
PubReading [327] - DNA storage in thermoresponsive microcapsules for repeated random multiplexed data access - B. Bögels, T. de Greef et al.
May 17, 2023 11:00 - 41 minutes - 38.2 MBDNA has emerged as an attractive medium for archival data storage due to its durability and high information density. Scalable parallel random access to information is a desirable property of any storage system. For DNA-based storage systems, however, this still needs to be robustly established. Here we report on a thermoconfined polymerase chain reaction, which enables multiplexed, repeated random access to compartmentalized DNA files. The strategy is based on localizing biotin-functionalize...
PubReading [326] - Drug screening for human genetic diseases using iPSC models - M. Elitt, L. Barbar & P. Tesar
May 16, 2023 11:40 - 33 minutes - 30.9 MBInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enable the generation of previously unattainable, scalable quantities of disease- relevant tissues from patients suffering from essentially any genetic disorder. This cellular material has proven instrumental for drug screening efforts on these disorders, and has facilitated the identification of novel therapeutics for patients. Here we will review the foundational technologies that have enabled iPSCs, the power and limitations of iPSC-based compound scr...
PubReading [325] - The Costs of Reproducibility - R. Poldrack
May 15, 2023 11:01 - 24 minutes - 22.2 MBImproving the reproducibility of neuroscience research is of great concern, especially to early-career researchers (ECRs). Here I outline the potential costs for ECRs in adopting practices to improve reproducibility. I highlight the ways in which ECRs can achieve their career goals while doing better science and the need for established researchers to support them in these efforts.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.030 - 2019
PubReading [325] - pH-dependent sedimentation of DNA in the presence of divalent, but not monovalent, metal ions - C. England, L. K. Lewis et al.
May 10, 2023 11:01 - 36 minutes - 33 MBPrecipitation of DNA is performed frequently in molecular biology laboratories for the purpose of purification and concentration of samples and also for transfer of DNA into cells. Metal ions are used to facilitate these processes, though their precise functions are not well characterized. In the current study we have investigated the precipitation of double-stranded DNA by group 1 and group 2 metal ions. Double-stranded DNAs were not sedimented efficiently by metals alone, even at high conc...
PubReading [324] - DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors - F. Sanger, S.Nickel & A. Coulson
May 09, 2023 11:01 - 17 minutes - 16.1 MBA new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described. It is similar to the "plus and minus" method but makes use of the 2',3 '- dideoxy and arabinonucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. The technique has been applied to the DNA of bacteriophage phiX174 and is more rapid and more accurate than either the plus or the minus method.doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. - 1977
PubReading [323] - Factors that influence PhD candidates’ success: the importance of PhD project characteristics - E. van Rooij, M. Fokkens-Bruinsma & E. Jansen
May 08, 2023 13:28 - 42 minutes - 38.9 MBHigh dropout rates, delay, and dissatisfaction among PhD students are common problems in doctoral education. Research shows that many different factors are associated with doctoral success, but these factors have not often been studied simultaneously. Moreover, characteristics of the PhD project are mostly neglected. In this study, we investigate which supervision, psychosocial, and project characteristics are related to satisfaction, progress, and quit intentions in a sample of 839 PhD cand...
PubReading [322] - Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity - E. Boyden, K. Deisseroth et al.
May 03, 2023 11:00 - 27 minutes - 25 MBTemporally precise, noninvasive control of activity in well-defined neuronal populations is a long-sought goal of systems neuroscience. We adapted for this purpose the naturally occurring algal protein Channelrhodopsin-2, a rapidly gated light-sensitive cation channel, by using lentiviral gene delivery in combination with high-speed optical switching to photostimulate mammalian neurons. We demonstrate reliable, millisecond- timescale control of neuronal spiking, as well as control of excitato...
PubReading [321] - Controlling the double helix - G. Felsenfeld & M. Groudine
May 02, 2023 07:39 - 30 minutes - 28.3 MBChromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins in which the genetic material is packaged inside the cells of organisms with nuclei. Chromatin structure is dynamic and exerts profound control over gene expression and other fundamental cellular processes. Changes in its structure can be inherited by the next generation, independent of the DNA sequence itself.doi:10.1038/nature01411 - 2003
PubReading [320] - Deep Neural Networks as Scientific Models - R. Cichy and D. Kaiser
May 01, 2023 15:19 - 36 minutes - 33.1 MBArtificial deep neural networks (DNNs) initially inspired by the brain enable computers to solve cognitive tasks at which humans excel. In the absence of explanations for such cognitive phenomena, in turn cognitive scientists have started using DNNs as models to investigate biological cognition and its neural basis, creating heated debate. Here, we reflect on the case from the perspective of philosophy of science. After putting DNNs as scientific models into context, we discuss how DNNs can f...
PubReading [319] - The Science Behind NMN—A Stable, Reliable NAD+ Activator and Anti-Aging Molecule - Christopher Shade
March 31, 2023 11:00 - 12 minutes - 11.6 MBIn June of 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the 11th edition of its International Classification of Diseases, and for the first time added aging. The classification of aging as a disease paves the way for new research into novel therapeutics to delay or reverse age-related illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, and neurodegeneration. Nutrient sensing systems have been an intense focus of investigation, including mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamyci...
PubReading [318] - The essential metals for humans- a brief overview - M. Zoroddua, V. Nurchi et al.
March 30, 2023 11:00 - 58 minutes - 53.3 MBThe human body needs about 20 essential elements in order to function properly and among them, for certain, 10 are metal elements, though for every metal we do need, there is another one in our body we could do without it. Until about 1950 poor attention was given to the so-called “inorganic elements” and while researches on “organic elements” (C, N, O and H) and organic compounds were given high priority, studies on essential inorganic elements were left aside. Base on current knowledge it i...
PubReading [317] - Nucleic acid sensing via electrochemical oligonucleotide-templated reactions - P. Gillespie, D. O’Har et al.
March 29, 2023 11:00 - 20 minutes - 18.4 MBShort single-stranded nucleic acids as found in a variety of bodily fluids have recently emerged as minimally invasive biomarkers for a broad range of pathologies, most notably cancer. Because of their small size, low natural abundance and high sequence homology between family members they are challenging to detect using standard technologies suitable for use at the point-of-care. Herein we report the design, engineering and testing of a novel sensing strategy: electrochemically active molec...
PubReading [316] - A brief history of human disease genetics - M. Claussnitzer, M. McCarthy et al.
March 28, 2023 11:00 - 47 minutes - 43.2 MBA primary goal of human genetics is to identify DNA sequence variants that influence biomedical traits, particularly those related to the onset and progression of human disease. Over the past 25 years, progress in realizing this objective has been transformed by advances in technology, foundational genomic resources and analytical tools, and by access to vast amounts of genotype and phenotype data. Genetic discoveries have substantially improved our understanding of the mechanisms responsible...
PubReading [315] - Technology transfer programme for influenza vaccines – Lessons from the past to inform the future - C. Chadwick, E. Sparrow et al.
March 27, 2023 11:38 - 10 minutes - 9.8 MBIn 2006, to address the global inequitable access to influenza vaccines in the event of an influenza pandemic, WHO, with support of donors and partners, embarked on an ambitious project, the Technology Transfer Initiative (TTI), to facilitate influenza vaccine production capacity-building in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This commentary briefly summarizes the high-level lessons learned, key challenges encountered, and critical components needed for success.https://doi.org/10.1016...
PubReading [314]- MicroRNAs, damage levels, and DNA damage response control - H. Visser and A. Thomas
March 24, 2023 12:00 - 12 minutes - 11 MBDNA damage–inducible miRNAs are likely to be functional in the DNA damage response. This response can elicit damage resolution and cell survival or apoptosis. The current, albeit incomplete, picture suggests that miRNAs can affect cell fate via modulation of key response proteins, but the question is, who’s in charge?https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2021.06.018 - 2021
PubReading [313] - Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases- A brief review - E. Anderson, J. L. Durstine
March 23, 2023 12:00 - 37 minutes - 33.9 MBChronic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide with increasing prevalence in all age groups, genders, and ethnicities. Most chronic disease deaths occur in middle-to low-income countries but are also a significant health problem in developed nations. Multiple chronic diseases now affect children and adolescents as well as adults. Being physically inactive is associated with increased chronic disease risk. Global societies are being negatively impacted by the increasing prevalence ...
PubReading [312] - Identification of endocrine disrupting chemicals acting on human aromatase - R. Baravalle, G. Gilardi et al.
March 22, 2023 12:00 - 26 minutes - 24 MBHuman aromatase is the cytochrome P450 catalysing the conversion of androgens into estrogens playing a key role in the endocrine system. Due to this role, it is likely to be a target of the so-called endocrine disrupting chemicals, a series of compounds able to interfere with the hormone system with toxic effects. If on one side the toxicity of some compounds such as bisphenol A is well known, on the other side the toxic concentrations of such compounds as well as the effect of the many othe...
PubReading [311] - Chemical biology of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids for therapeutic applications - H. Tateishi-Karimata and N. Sugimoto
March 21, 2023 12:00 - 51 minutes - 47.4 MBDNA forms not only the canonical duplex structure but also non-canonical structures. Most potential sequences that induce the formation of non-canonical structures are present in disease-related genes. Interestingly, biological reactions are inhibited or dysregulated by non-canonical structure formation in disease-related genes. To control biological reactions, methods for inducing the formation of non- canonical structures have been developed using small molecules and oligonucleotides. In t...
PubReading [310] - How to Write the Methods Section of a Research Paper - R. Kallet
March 20, 2023 12:00 - 17 minutes - 16.4 MBThe methods section of a research paper provides the information by which a study’s validity is judged. Therefore, it requires a clear and precise description of how an experiment was done, and the rationale for why specific experimental procedures were chosen. The methods section should describe what was done to answer the research question, describe how it was done, justify the experimental design, and explain how the results were analyzed. Scientific writing is direct and orderly. Therefor...
PubReading [309] - What We Talk About When We Talk About “Junk DNA” - N. Fagundes, A. Zani et al.
March 17, 2023 12:00 - 24 minutes - 22.7 MB“Junk DNA” is a popular yet controversial concept that states that organisms carry in their genomes DNA that has no positive impact on their fitness. Nonetheless, biochemical functions have been identified for an increasing fraction of DNA elements traditionally seen as “Junk DNA”. These findings have been interpreted as fundamentally undermining the “Junk DNA” concept. Here, we reinforce previous arguments that this interpretation relies on an inadequate concept of biological function that ...
PubReading [308] - Deep learning in cancer pathology- a new generation of clinical biomarkers - A. Echle, J. Kather et al.
March 16, 2023 12:00 - 46 minutes - 42.5 MBClinical workflows in oncology rely on predictive and prognostic molecular biomarkers. However, the growing number of these complex biomarkers tends to increase the cost and time for decision-making in routine daily oncology practice; furthermore, biomarkers often require tumour tissue on top of routine diagnostic material. Nevertheless, routinely available tumour tissue contains an abundance of clinically relevant information that is currently not fully exploited. Advances in deep learning ...
PubReading [307] - Comparison of X-ray and NMR Structures- Is There a Systematic Difference in Residue Contacts between X-ray- and NMR-Resolved Protein Structures? - S. Garbuzynskiy, O. Galzitskaya et al.
March 15, 2023 12:00 - 24 minutes - 22.6 MBWe have compared structures of 78 proteins determined by both NMR and X-ray methods. It is shown that X-ray and NMR structures of the same protein have more differences than various X-ray structures obtained for the protein, and even more than various NMR structures of the protein. X-ray and NMR structures of 18 of these 78 proteins have obvious large-scale structural differences that seem to reflect a difference of crystal and solution structures. The other 60 pairs of structures have only ...
PubReading [306] - A Brief History of IL-9 - R. Goswami and M. Kaplan
March 14, 2023 12:00 - 28 minutes - 26.5 MBIL-9 was first described in the late 1980s as a member of a growing number of cytokines that had pleiotropic functions in the immune system. Although many biological functions have been attributed to IL-9, it remains an understudied cytokine. A resurgence of interest in IL-9 has been spurred by recent work demonstrating a role for IL-9 in regulating inflammatory immunity and defining the transcription factors that activate the Il9 gene in cells that most efficiently produce IL-9. In this rev...
PubReading [305] - The sciences of science communication - B. Fischhoff
March 13, 2023 12:00 - 53 minutes - 48.8 MBThe May 2012 Sackler Colloquium on “The Science of Science Communication” brought together scientists with research to communicate and scientists whose research could facilitate that communication. The latter include decision scientists who can identify the scientific results that an audience needs to know, from among all of the scientific results that it would be nice to know; behavioral scientists who can design ways to convey those results and then evaluate the success of those attempts; ...
PubReading [304] - What are Biomarkers? - K. Strimbu and J. Tavel
March 10, 2023 12:00 - 23 minutes - 21.7 MBThis article provides working definitions and a conceptual framework to understand the roles of biomarkers in clinical research. The definitions of the terms discussed in this article—medical signs, symptoms, biomarkers, surrogate endpoints, clinical endpoints, validation—are still under discussion, as are their relationships to each other, but broad consensus has developed in the past decade and a half about the necessity of distinguishing between, in particular, surrogate and clinical endp...
PubReading [303] - The Epigenomics of Cancer - P. Jones and S. Baylin
March 09, 2023 12:00 - 41 minutes - 37.8 MBAberrant gene function and altered patterns of gene expression are key features of cancer. Growing evidence shows that acquired epigenetic abnormalities participate with genetic alterations to cause this dysregulation. Here, we review recent advances in understanding how epigenetic alterations participate in the earliest stages of neoplasia, including stem/ precursor cell contributions, and discuss the growing implications of these advances for strategies to control cancer. DOI 10.1016/j.ce...
PubReading [302] - The evolution, evolvability and engineering of gene regulatory DNA - E. Vaishnav, A. Regev et al.
March 08, 2023 12:00 - 44 minutes - 40.4 MBMutations in non-coding regulatory DNA sequences can alter gene expression, organismal phenotype and fitness1–3. Constructing complete fitness landscapes, in which DNA sequences are mapped to fitness, is a long-standing goal in biology, but has remained elusive because it is challenging to generalize reliably to vast sequence spaces4–6. Here we build sequence-to-expression models that capture fitness landscapes and use them to decipher principles of regulatory evolution. Using millions of ra...
PubReading [301] - Cancer Progress and Priorities- Lung Cancer - M. Schabath and M. Cote
March 07, 2023 12:01 - 1 hour - 55.5 MBIn the United States, lung cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Although tobacco smoking is the major risk factor accounting for 80% to 90% of all lung cancer diagnoses, there are numerous other risk factors that have been identified as casually associated with lung cancer etiology. However, there are few causally linked risk factors for lung cancer diagnosed among never smokers, which, if considered a unique reportable category, is...
PubReading [300] - Randomisation in clinical trials - E. Beller, V. Gebski & A. Keech
March 06, 2023 13:00 - 12 minutes - 11.3 MBRandomisation is the process of assigning clinical trial participants to treatment groups. Randomisation gives each participant a known (usually equal) chance of being assigned to any of the groups. Successful randomisation requires that group assignment cannot be predicted in advance. DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04955.x - 2002
PubReading [299] - The Formation and Displacement of Ordered DNA Triplexes in Self- Assembled Three-Dimensional DNA Crystals - Y. Zhao, R. Sha et al.
March 03, 2023 12:00 - 20 minutes - 18.7 MBReconfigurable structures engineered through DNA hybridization and self-assembly offer both structural and dynamic applications in nanotechnology. Here, we have demonstrated that strand displacement of triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) can be translated to a robust macroscopic DNA crystal by coloring the crystals with covalently attached fluorescent dyes. We show that three different types of triplex strand displacement are feasible within the DNA crystals and the bound TFOs can be rem...
PubReading [298] - Simultaneous sequencing of genetic and epigenetic bases in DNA - J. Füllgrabe, S. Balasubramanian et al.
March 02, 2023 12:00 - 34 minutes - 31.8 MBDNA comprises molecular information stored in genetic and epigenetic bases, both of which are vital to our understanding of biology. Most DNA sequencing approaches address either genetics or epigenetics and thus capture incomplete information. Methods widely used to detect epigenetic DNA bases fail to capture common C-to-T mutations or distinguish 5-methylcytosine from 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. We present a single base-resolution sequencing methodology that sequences complete genetics and the...
PubReading [297] - Modulation of the helical properties of DNA- next-to-nearest neighbour effects and beyond - A. Balaceanu, M. Orozco
March 01, 2023 12:00 - 34 minutes - 31.8 MBWe used extensive molecular dynamics simulations to study the structural and dynamic properties of the central d(TpA) step in the highly polymorphic d(CpTpApG) tetranucleotide. Contrary to the assumption of the dinucleotide model and its nearest neighbours (tetranucleotide-model), the properties of the central d(TpA) step change quite significantly dependent on the next-to-nearest (hexanucleotide) sequence context and in a few cases are modulated by even remote neighbours (beyond next-to-nea...
PubReading [296] - Telomerase structural biology comes of age - Y. He & J. Feigon
February 28, 2023 12:00 - 33 minutes - 30.5 MBTelomerase is an RNA–protein complex comprising telomerase reverse transcriptase, a non-coding telomerase RNA, and proteins involved in biogenesis, assembly, localization, or recruitment. Telomerase synthesizes the telomeric DNA at the 30-ends of linear chromosomes. During the past decade, structural studies have defined the architecture of Tetrahymena and human telomerase as well as protein and RNA domain structures, but high-resolution details of interactions remained largely elusive. In t...
PubReading [295] - Decentralized Clinical Trials The Future of Medical Product Development? - G. Van Norman,
February 27, 2023 13:00 - 13 minutes - 12.6 MBThe Covid-19 pandemic disrupted many clinical trials that were potentially bringing new therapeutics to market—an additional untallied cost of the pandemic in lives and quality of life owing to delays in releasing potentially beneficial therapeutics to patients in need. A separate side effect of the pandemic has been swift adoption of virtual interactions between physicians and patients to provide continuity of care while maintaining social distancing. This comes at a time of rapid advanceme...