PubReading
346 episodes - English - Latest episode: 10 months ago -Researchers would love if they can expand time to fit in that publication, article, or review of their topic of interest; if that were true, however, there is no end to bottomless scrolling and missing the important details. PubReading would read out the abstract, results, and discussions to allow hassle-free information and a chance to create connections with like-minded individuals.
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Episodes
PubReading [94] - Tissue architecture in tumor initiation and progression - J. Almagro, A. Behrens
March 28, 2022 20:00 - 42 minutes - 77.4 MBThe 3D architecture of tissues bearing tumors impacts on the mechanical microenvironment of cancer, the accessibility of stromal cells, and the routes of invasion. A myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic forces exerted by the cancer cells, the host tissue, and the molecular and cellular microenvironment modulate the morphology of the tumor and its malignant potential through mechanical, biochemical, genetic, and epigenetic cues. Recent studies have investigated how tissue architecture influences...
PubReading [93] - Neuroprotective Actions of Dietary Choline - J. Blusztajn, B. Slack and T. Mellott
March 25, 2022 21:00 - 53 minutes - 97.7 MBCholine is an essential nutrient for humans. It is a precursor of membrane phospholipids (e.g., phosphatidylcholine (PC)), the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and via betaine, the methyl group donor S-adenosylmethionine. High choline intake during gestation and early postnatal development in rat and mouse models improves cognitive function in adulthood, prevents age-related memory decline, and protects the brain from the neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and...
PubReading [92] - Progress toward understanding chromosome silencing by Xist RNA - N. Brockdorff, J. Bowness, and G. Wei
March 24, 2022 21:36 - 55 minutes - 102 MBThe X inactive-specific transcript (Xist) gene is the master regulator of X chromosome inactivation in mammals. Xist produces a long noncoding (lnc)RNA that accumulates over the entire length of the chromosome from which it is transcribed, recruiting factors to modify under-lying chromatin and silence X-linked genes in cis. Recent years have seen significant progress in identifying important functional elements in Xist RNA, their associated RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and the downstream pat...
PubReading [91] - Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of DNA: From Duplexes to Quadruplexes - M. Vorlickova, J. Kypr et al
March 23, 2022 20:58 - 23 minutes - 43.7 MBNucleic acids bear the genetic information and participate in its expression and evolution during replication, repair, recombination, transcription, and translation. These phenomena are mostly based on recognition of nucleic acids by proteins. The major factor enabling the specific recognition is structure. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is very useful to study secondary structures of nucleic acids, in general, and DNA, in particular. CD sensitively reflects isomerizations among distin...
PubReading [90] - Functional enzyme–polymer complexes - C. Waltman, M. Olvera de la Cruz
March 22, 2022 21:00 - 32 minutes - 59.2 MBEngineered and native enzymes are poised to solve challenges in medicine, bioremediation, and biotechnology. One important goal is the possibility of upcycling polymers using enzymes. However, enzymes are often inactive in industrial, nonbiological conditions. It is particularly difficult to protect water-soluble enzymes at elevated temperatures by methods that preserve their functionality. Through atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations that capture protein conformationa...
PubReading [89] - Novel Therapeutic Target(s) for Psoriatic Disease - V. Thakur and R. Mahajan
March 21, 2022 21:00 - 33 minutes - 61.5 MBPsoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, together known as psoriatic disease, is highly prevalent chronic relapsing inflammatory disease affecting skin, joints or both and is associated with several comorbidities such as cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, renal disease etc. The etiopathogenesis of psoriasis is complex and mainly driven by aberrant immune response owing to the genetic susceptibility and various environmental factors such as trauma, infections and drugs. Recent advances in unde...
PubReading [88] - Factors influencing self-harm thoughts and behaviours over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: longitudinal analysis of 49 324 adults - E. Paul and D. Fancourt
March 16, 2022 23:27 - 33 minutes - 62.1 MBThere is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath will result in excess suicides by increasing known risk factors such as self-harm, but evidence on how pandemic-related risk factors contribute to changes in these outcomes is lacking. In total, 26.1% and 7.9% of respondents reported self-harm thoughts and behaviours respectively at least once over the study period. The number of adverse experiences was more strongly related to outcomes than the number of worries. The largest spe...
PubReading [88] Factors influencing self-harm thoughts and behaviours over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: longitudinal analysis of 49 324 adults - E. Paul and D. Fancourt
March 16, 2022 23:27 - 33 minutes - 62.1 MBThere is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath will result in excess suicides by increasing known risk factors such as self-harm, but evidence on how pandemic-related risk factors contribute to changes in these outcomes is lacking. In total, 26.1% and 7.9% of respondents reported self-harm thoughts and behaviours respectively at least once over the study period. The number of adverse experiences was more strongly related to outcomes than the number of worries. The largest spe...
PubReading [87] - Adipocytes, Innate Immunity and Obesity: A Mini-Review - A.Blaszczak, A. Jalilvand and W. Hsueh
March 15, 2022 21:00 - 33 minutes - 61.7 MBThe role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obesity and its multiple related- complications is a rapidly expanding area of scientific interest. Within the last 30 years, the role of the adipocyte as an endocrine and immunologic cell has been progressively established. Like the macrophage, the adipocyte is capable of linking the innate and adaptive immune system through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines; exosome release of lipids, hormones, and microRNAs; and contact interaction w...
PubReading [86] - What is the structural chemistry of the living organism at its temperature and pressure? - J. Helliwell
March 14, 2022 21:00 - 37 minutes - 68.7 MBThe three probes of the structure of matter (X-rays, neutrons and electrons) in biology have complementary properties and strengths. The balance between these three probes within their strengths and weaknesses is perceived to change, even dramatically so at times. For the study of combined states of order and disorder, NMR crystallography is also applicable. Of course, to understand biological systems the required perspectives are surely physiologically relevant temperatures and relevant che...
PubReading [85] - Low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway through PEN2 - T. Ma, S. Lin
March 07, 2022 21:33 - 35 minutes - 48.1 MBMetformin, the most prescribed antidiabetic medicine, has shown other benefits such as anti-ageing and anticancer effects1–4. For clinical doses of metformin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a major role in its mechanism of action4,5; however, the direct molecular target of metformin remains unknown. Here we show that clinically relevant concentrations of metformin inhibit the lysosomal proton pump v-ATPase, which is a central node for AMPK activation following glucose starvation6. W...
PubReading [85] - Low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway through PEN2 - T. Ma, S. Lin
March 07, 2022 21:33 - 35 minutes - 48.1 MBMetformin, the most prescribed antidiabetic medicine, has shown other benefits such as anti-ageing and anticancer effects1–4. For clinical doses of metformin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a major role in its mechanism of action4,5; however, the direct molecular target of metformin remains unknown. Here we show that clinically relevant concentrations of metformin inhibit the lysosomal proton pump v-ATPase, which is a central node for AMPK activation following glucose starvation6. W...
PubReading [84] - Neurotrauma and Repair Research: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and its Treatments - H. Algattas and J. Huang
March 01, 2022 21:00 - 26 minutes - 37 MBTraumatic brain injury (TBI) affects a growing portion of the population and continues to take national spotlight with advances in imaging technology and understanding of long-term effects. However, there is large variance in TBI treatment protocols due to injury variability and lack of both mechanistic understanding and strong treatment recommendations. Recent practice suggests three disparate treatment approaches, all which aim at promoting neuroprotection after TBI, show promise: immediat...
PubReading [83] - CAR T cells produced in vivo to treat cardiac injury - J. Rurik, J. Epstein et al.
January 13, 2022 21:00 - 21 minutes - 40.1 MBFibrosis affects millions of people with cardiac disease. We developed a therapeutic approach to generate transient antifibrotic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in vivo by delivering modified messenger RNA (mRNA) in T cell–targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The efficacy of these in vivo–reprogrammed CAR T cells was evaluated by injecting CD5-targeted LNPs into a mouse model of heart failure. Efficient delivery of modified mRNA encoding the CAR to T lymphocytes was observed, which p...
PubReading [82] - How to Write a Systematic Review - R. Wright, K. Spindler et al.
January 12, 2022 21:00 - 34 minutes - 62.8 MBEvidence-based medicine (EBM) is the combination of the best available research evidence with clinical experience and patient needs. The concept of EBM as a part of clinical decision making has become increasingly popular over the last decade. In the hierarchy of studies meta-analysis and systematic reviews occupy the highest levels. A systematic review of a clinical question can be performed by following a relatively standard form. These techniques as described here can be performed without...
PubReading [80] - Exercise plasma boosts memory and dampens brain inflammation via clusterin - Z. De Miguel, T. Wyss-Coray et al.
December 21, 2021 21:00 - 26 minutes - 48.4 MBPhysical exercise is generally beneficial to all aspects of human and animal health, slowing cognitive ageing and neurodegeneration1. The cognitive benefits of physical exercise are tied to an increased plasticity and reduced inflammation within the hippocampus2–4, yet little is known about the factors and mechanisms that mediate these effects. Here we show that ‘runner plasma’, collected from voluntarily running mice and infused into sedentary mice, reduces baseline neuroinflammatory gene e...
PubReading [81] - The N-terminal cysteine is a dual sensor of oxygen and oxidative stress - A. Jung Heo, Y. Tae Kwon et al.
December 20, 2021 22:02 - 50 minutes - 92.6 MBCellular homeostasis requires the sensing of and adaptation to intracellular oxygen (O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Arg/N-degron pathway targets proteins that bear destabilizing N-terminal residues for degradation by the proteasome or via autophagy. Under normoxic conditions, the N-terminal Cys (Nt-Cys) residues of specific substrates can be oxidized by dioxygenases such as plant cysteine oxidases and cysteamine (2-aminoethane- thiol) dioxygenases and arginylated by ATE1 R-transf...
PubReading [79] - Nanopore sequencing technology, bioinformatics and applications - Y. Wang, K. Fai Au et al.
December 20, 2021 21:40 - 1 hour - 131 MBRapid advances in nanopore technologies for sequencing single long DNA and RNA molecules have led to substantial improvements in accuracy, read length and throughput. These breakthroughs have required extensive development of experimental and bioinformatics methods to fully exploit nanopore long reads for investigations of genomes, transcriptomes, epigenomes and epitranscriptomes. Nanopore sequencing is being applied in genome assembly, full-length transcript detection and base modification ...
PubReading [78] - Megahertz serial crystallography - Max Wiedorn et al.
December 14, 2021 21:00 - 29 minutes - 53.7 MBThe new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the E...
PubReading [77] - Engineering transplantable jejunal mucosal grafts using patient- derived organoids from children with intestinal failure - M. Laween, V. Li et al.
December 13, 2021 21:33 - 31 minutes - 57.4 MBIntestinal failure (IF), following extensive anatomical or functional loss of small intestine (SI), has debilitating long-term consequences on children1. The priority of patient care is to increase the length of functional intestine, particularly the jejunum, to promote nutritional independence2. Here we construct autologous jejunal mucosal grafts using pediatric patient biomaterials and show that patient-derived organoids (PDO) can be expanded efficiently in vitro. In parallel, we generate ...
PubReading [76] - The Catalytic Asymmetric Intermolecular Prins Reaction - D. Díaz-Oviedo, R. Maji, and B. List
December 10, 2021 21:00 - 21 minutes - 38.8 MBDespite their significant potential, catalytic asymmetric reactions of olefins with formaldehyde are rare and metal-free approaches have not been previously disclosed. Here we describe an enantioselective intermolecular Prins reaction of styrenes and paraformaldehyde to form 1,3-dioxanes, using confined imino-imidodiphosphate (iIDP) Brønsted acid catalysts. Isotope labeling experiments and computations suggest a concerted, highly asynchronous addition of an acid-activated formaldehyde oligom...
PubReading [74] - Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiac function by reducing JunD expression in human diabetic hearts - R. Marfella, G. Paolisso et al.
December 09, 2021 21:00 - 28 minutes - 51.8 MBBackground: The pathogenesis of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy may involve the activator protein 1 (AP-1) member, JunD. Using non-diabetic heart transplant (HTX) in recipients with diabetes, we examined the effects of the diabetic milieu (hyperglycemia and insulin resistance) on cardiac JunD expression over 12 months. Because sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) significantly reverse high glucose-induced AP-1 binding in the proximal tubular cell, we investigated JunD expr...
PubReading [73] - Electronic health records and polygenic risk scores for predicting disease risk - R. Li, J. Moore et al.
December 08, 2021 21:00 - 52 minutes - 96 MBAccurate prediction of disease risk based on the genetic make-up of an individual is essential for effective prevention and personalized treatment. Nevertheless, to date, individual genetic variants from genome-wide association studies have achieved only moderate prediction of disease risk. The aggregation of genetic variants under a polygenic model shows promising improvements in prediction accuracies. Increasingly, electronic health records (EHRs) are being linked to patient genetic data i...
PubReading [72] - Delivery strategies for macromolecular drugs in cancer therapy - Q. Guo, C. Jiang et al.
December 07, 2021 21:00 - 35 minutes - 64.1 MBWith the development of biotherapy, biomacromolecular drugs have gained tremendous attention recently, especially in drug development field due to the sophisticated functions in vivo. Over the past few years, a motley variety of drug delivery strategies have been developed for bio- macromolecular drugs to overcome the difficulties in the druggability, e.g., the instability and easily restricted by physiologic barriers. The application of novel delivery systems to deliver bio- macromolecular ...
PubReading [71] - Optical Microscopy and Electron Microscopy for the Morphological Evaluation of Tendons: A Mini Review - M. Xu, B. Liu et al.
December 06, 2021 21:00 - 24 minutes - 44.9 MBThe morphological characteristics of tendons have been thoroughly evaluated via microscopy. Optical microscopy and electron microscopy are the most commonly used techniques for tendon tissue observation. According to the principles of both microscopy types, preparation and evaluation methods vary. Simple optical microscopy is commonly used in the observation of cells and extracellular matrix, and many stains, including hematoxylineosin, Van Gieson, Prussian blue, Alcian blue, and toluidine b...
PubReading [70] - Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents - D. Kopustinskiene, J. Bernatoniene et al
December 04, 2021 21:00 - 54 minutes - 101 MBFlavonoids are polyphenolic compounds subdivided into 6 groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins found in a variety of plants. Fruits, vegetables, plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine and cocoa-based products are the main dietary sources of flavonoids. Flavonoids have been shown to possess a wide variety of anticancer effects: they modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities, participate in arresting the cell cycl...
PubReading [69]- Targeting BMI-1 in B cells restores effective humoral immune responses and controls chronic viral infection - A. Di Pietro, K. Good-Jacobson et al
December 03, 2021 21:00 - 56 minutes - 104 MBIneffective antibody-mediated responses are a key characteristic of chronic viral infection. However, our understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms that drive this dysregulation are unclear. Here, we identify that targeting the epigenetic modifier BMI-1 in mice improves humoral responses to chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. BMI-1 was upregulated by germinal center B cells in chronic viral infection, correlating with changes to the accessible chromatin landscape, compared to acute i...
PubReading [68] - Omega-3 fatty acids attenuate dendritic cell function via NF-κB independent of PPARγ - E. Draper and H. Roche
December 02, 2021 21:00 - 31 minutes - 57.8 MBLong-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been shown to modulate the immune response and have therapeutic effects in inflammatory disorders. PUFA are also peroxisome proliferators-activator receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligands; a family of ligand-activated transcription factors, which when activated antagonise the pro-inflammatory capability of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). PPARγ plays a role in dendritic cell (DC) maturation and n-3 PUFA have been shown to affect DC maturation by de...
PubReading [67] - DNA methylation in human sperm: a systematic review - F. Asenius, A. Danson and S. Marzi
December 01, 2021 21:00 - 1 hour - 128 MBBACKGROUND: Studies in non-human mammals suggest that environmental factors can influence spermatozoal DNA methylation, and some research suggests that spermatozoal DNA methylation is also implicated in conditions such as subfertility and imprinting disorders in the offspring. Together with an increased availability of cost-effective methods of interrogating DNA methylation, this premise has led to an increasing number of studies investigating the DNA methylation landscape of human spermatoz...
PubReading [66] - The 2021 Nucleic Acids Research database issue and the online molecular biology database collection - D. Rigden and X. Fernandez
November 30, 2021 21:00 - 33 minutes - 61.1 MBThe 2021 Nucleic Acids Research database Issue contains 189 papers spanning a wide range of biological fields and investigation. It includes 89 papers reporting on new databases and 90 covering recent changes to resources previously published in the Issue. A further ten are updates on databases most recently published elsewhere. Seven new databases focus on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV- 2 and many others offer resources for studying the virus. Major returning nucleic acid databases include NONCODE,...
PubReading [65] - Cell Cycle Regulation of Stem Cells by MicroRNAs - M. Mens and M. Ghanbari
November 29, 2021 21:00 - 56 minutes - 103 MBMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. They are involved in the fine-tuning of fundamental biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis in many cell types. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs regulate critical pathways involved in stem cell function. Several miRNAs have been suggested to target transcripts that directly or indirectly coordinate the cell cycle progression of stem...
PubReading [64] - Lysosome-targeting chimaeras for degradation of extracellular proteins - S. Banik, C. Bertozzi et al
November 24, 2021 21:00 - 34 minutes - 63.2 MBThe majority of therapies that target individual proteins rely on specific activity- modulating interactions with the target protein—for example, enzyme inhibition or ligand blocking. However, several major classes of therapeutically relevant proteins have unknown or inaccessible activity profiles and so cannot be targeted by such strategies. Protein-degradation platforms such as proteolysis-targeting chimaeras (PROTACs)1,2 and others (for example, dTAGs3, Trim-Away4, chaperone-mediated auto...
PubReading [63] - Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data -Y. Hao, R. Satija
November 23, 2021 21:00 - 1 hour - 123 MBThe simultaneous measurement of multiple modalities represents an exciting frontier for single-cell genomics and necessitates computational methods that can define cellular states based on multimodal data. Here, we introduce ‘‘weighted-nearest neighbor’’ analysis, an unsupervised framework to learn the relative utility of each data type in each cell, enabling an integrative analysis of multiple modalities. We apply our procedure to a CITE-seq dataset of 211,000 human peripheral blood mononuc...
PubReading [62] - Molecular Printing with DNA Nanotechnology - F. Rizzuto, T. Trinh and H. Sleiman
November 22, 2021 21:00 - 45 minutes - 82.6 MBDNA nanotechnology has generated a wealth of structures uniquely suited for nanoscale patterning; however, scalability, affordability, and recyclability are important preconditions for the industrial production and widespread use of DNA-based materials. In this perspective, we propose that ‘‘printing’’ programmed particles from transient DNA templates provides a practical pathway toward overcoming these hurdles. Just as a printing press transfers ink to paper in a cyclical process, DNA can t...
PubReading [61] - Discovery of a novel pseudo β-hairpin structure of N-truncated amyloid-β for use as a vaccine against Alzheimer’s disease - P. Bakrania, T. Bayer et al
November 18, 2021 21:00 - 35 minutes - 65.5 MBOne of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein in amyloid plaques in the brain. The Aβ peptide exists in several forms, including full-length Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 – and the N-truncated species, pyroglutamate Aβ3-42 and Aβ4-42, which appear to play a major role in neurodegeneration. We previously identified a murine antibody (TAP01), which binds specifically to soluble, non-plaque N-truncated Aβ species. By solving crystal structures for TAP01 family a...
PubReading [60] - DNA helicases in homologous recombination repair - D. Branzei and B. Szakal
November 17, 2021 21:00 - 30 minutes - 55.1 MBHelicases are in the spotlight of DNA metabolism and are critical for DNA repair in all domains of life. At their biochemical core, they bind and hydrolyze ATP, converting this energy to translocate unidirectionally, with different strand polarities and substrate binding specificities, along one strand of a nucleic acid. In doing so, DNA and RNA helicases separate duplex strands or remove nucleoprotein complexes, affecting DNA repair and the architecture of replication forks. In this review,...
PubReading [59] - Complexities of Viral Mutation Rates - K. Peck & A. Lauringa
November 16, 2021 21:00 - 34 minutes - 62.9 MBMany viruses evolve rapidly. This is due, in part, to their high mutation rates. Mutation rate estimates for over 25 viruses are currently available. Here, we review the population genetics of virus mutation rates. We specifically cover the topics of mutation rate estimation, the forces that drive the evolution of mutation rates, and how the optimal mutation rate can be context-dependent. - doi.org/10.1128/JVI .01031-17. - 2018
PubReading [58] - Engineered miniature CRISPR-Cas system for mammalian genome regulation and editing - X. Xu, L. S. Qi et al.
November 15, 2021 21:00 - 45 minutes - 83.2 MBCompact and versatile CRISPR-Cas systems will enable genome engineering applications through high-efficiency delivery in a wide variety of contexts. Here, we create an efficient miniature Cas system (CasMINI) engineered from the type V-F Cas12f (Cas14) system by guide RNA and protein engineering, which is less than half the size of currently used CRISPR systems (Cas9 or Cas12a). We demonstrate that CasMINI can drive high levels of gene activation (up to thousands-fold increases), while the n...
PubReading [57] - Obesity and hypertension - G. Seravallea and G. Grassi
November 09, 2021 19:00 - 31 minutes - 58.1 MBObesity and in particular the excessive visceral fat distribution is accompanied by several alterations at hormonal, inflammatory and endothelial level. These alterations induce a stimulation of several other mechanisms that contribute to the hypertensive state and on the other side to increase the cardiovascular morbidity. In these chapter we will examine the main mechanisms of obesity and obesity-related hypertension and in particular the role of sympathetic nervous system, the alterations...
PubReading [56] - Hypertension and cardiovascular risk: General aspects - S. E. Kjeldsen
November 08, 2021 19:00 - 23 minutes - 42.8 MBHypertension is the strongest or one of the strongest risk factors for almost all different cardiovascular diseases acquired during life, including coronary disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and valvular heart diseases, cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation, cerebral stroke and renal failure. The continuous relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular and renal events makes the distinction between high normal blood pressure and hypertension based on arbitrary cut-of...
PubReading [55] - Protein phase separation and determinants of in cell crystallization - C. N. Mudogo, C. Betzel
November 06, 2021 19:00 - 34 minutes - 63 MBLiquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells is known as a complex physicochemical process causing the formation of membrane-less organelles (MLOs). Cells have well-defined different membrane-surrounded organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes, etc., however, on demand they can create MLOs as stress granules, nucleoli and P bodies to cover vital functions and regulatory activities. However, the mechanism of intracellular molecule assembly into functional ...
PubReading [54] - The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives - S. Tsalamandris, D. Tousoulis et al
November 05, 2021 19:00 - 42 minutes - 78 MBDiabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of the human body. Chronic hyperglycaemia related to diabetes is associated with end organ failure. The clinical relationship between diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well established. This makes therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target diabetes and atherosclerotic disease an attractive area for research. The majority of people with diabetes fall into two broad pathogenetic categories, type 1...
PubReading [53] - Molecular targeted therapy of glioblastoma - E. Le Rhun, M. Weller et al.
November 04, 2021 19:00 - 37 minutes - 68.2 MBGlioblastomas are intrinsic brain tumors thought to originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. More than 90% of glioblastomas are isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype tumors. Incidence increases with age, males are more often affected. Beyond rare instances of genetic predisposition and irradiation exposure, there are no known glioblastoma risk factors. Surgery as safely feasible followed by involved-field radiotherapy plus concomitant and maintenance temozolomide chemotherapy de...
PubReading [52] - Choosing the Method of Crystallization to Obtain Optimal Results - L. Govada and N. E. Chayen
November 03, 2021 19:00 - 20 minutes - 37.8 MBAnyone who has ever attempted to crystallise a protein or other biological macromolecule has encountered at least one, if not all of the following scenarios: No crystals at all, tiny low quality that do not diffract at all. In this paper, we review a number of simple ways to overcome such problems, which have worked well in our hands and in other laboratories. It brings together information that has been dispersed in various publications and lectures over the years and includes further infor...
PubReading [51] - p53, cancer and the immune response - J. Blagih, M. D. Buck and K. H. Vousden
November 01, 2021 21:00 - 53 minutes - 97.8 MBThe importance of cancer-cell-autonomous functions of the tumour suppressor p53 (encoded by TP53) has been established in many studies, but it is now clear that the p53 status of the cancer cell also has a profound impact on the immune response. Loss or mutation of p53 in cancers can affect the recruitment and activity of myeloid and T cells, allowing immune evasion and promoting cancer progression. p53 can also function in immune cells, resulting in various outcomes that can impede or suppo...
PubReading [50] - Ki-67 gene expression - S. Uxa, K. Engeland
October 30, 2021 20:00 - 1 hour - 115 MBKi-67 serves as a prominent cancer marker. We describe how expression of the MKI67 gene coding for Ki-67 is controlled during the cell cycle. MKI67 mRNA and Ki-67 protein are maximally expressed in G2 phase and mitosis. Expression is dependent on two CHR elements and one CDE site in the MKI67 promoter. DREAM transcriptional repressor complexes bind to both CHR sites and downregulate the expression in G0/G1 cells. Upregulation of MKI67 transcription coincides with binding of B-MYB-MuvB and FO...
PubReading [49] - Rationally designed ruthenium complexes for 1- and 2-photon photodynamic therapy - J. Karges, G. Gasser et al.
October 29, 2021 20:00 - 27 minutes - 51.1 MBThe use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer has received increasing attention over recent years. However, the application of the currently approved photosensitizers (PSs) is limited by their poor aqueous solubility, aggregation, photobleaching and slow clearance from the body. To overcome these limitations, there is a need for the development of new classes of PSs with ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes currently gaining momentum. However, these compounds generally lack significan...
PubReading [48] - Induction of ubiquitin C (UBC) gene transcription is mediated by HSF1: role of proteotoxic and oxidative stress - M. Bianchi, M. Magnani et al.
October 28, 2021 20:00 - 45 minutes - 83.2 MBThe polyubiquitin gene ubiquitin C (UBC) is considered a stress protective gene and is upregulated under various stressful conditions, which is probably a consequence of an increased demand for ubiquitin in order to remove toxic misfolded proteins. We previously identified heat shock elements (HSEs) within the UBC promoter, which are responsible for heat shock factor (HSF)1-driven induction of the UBC gene and are activated by proteotoxic stress. Here, we determined the molecular players dri...
PubReading [47] - Renal artery aneurysms - D. M. Coleman and J. C. Stanley
October 27, 2021 20:00 - 13 minutes - 24.2 MBRenal artery aneurysms are rare in the general population, although the true incidence and natural history remain elusive. Controversy over criteria for repair persists across decades. Indications for repair presently include aneurysm size >2 cm, female gender within childbearing age, symptoms like pain and hematuria, medically refractory hypertension including that associated with functionally important renal artery stenosis, thromboembolism, dissection, and rupture. Conventional surgical r...
PubReading [46] - DNA-mediated engineering of multicomponent enzyme crystals - J. D. Brodina, C. A. Mirkin et al.
October 26, 2021 20:00 - 27 minutes - 50.8 MBThe ability to predictably control the coassembly of multiple nanoscale building blocks, especially those with disparate chemical and physical properties such as biomolecules and inorganic nanoparticles, has far-reaching implications in catalysis, sensing, and photonics, but a generalizable strategy for engineering specific contacts between these particles is an outstanding challenge. This is especially true in the case of proteins, where the types of possible interparticle interactions are ...