Dispatch in Depth
143 episodes - English - Latest episode: 13 days ago - ★★★★★ - 30 ratings“Dispatch in Depth” is the only podcast that delves into the why and how of emergency dispatch. Each episode we will talk with a different researcher about the work they’re doing to make emergency dispatch as safe and effective as possible worldwide. “Dispatch in Depth” is the official research podcast of the International Academies of Emergency Dispatch.
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Episodes
The 911 SAVES Act with Congresswoman Norma Torres
April 16, 2024 12:53The champion and creator of the 911 SAVES Act, California Congresswoman Norma J. Torres gives some insight into this bill she and her colleagues are trying to pass to get emergency dispatchers reclassified as first responders. She tells some stories from her time as a dispatcher in Los Angeles, explains what the act does and does not do, and gives advice on how you can get involved in this important movement. For Your Information: Read this press release on the bill: https://torres.house.g...
Priority Dispatch: Making Way for the Future with Brian Dale
April 09, 2024 15:06Brian Dale, President of Priority Dispatch, gives his thoughts on the enduring value of the NAVIGATOR educational conference, what technology improvements the company is working on, and how you can be part of the changes coming to emergency response. This is the final installment in our series highlighting the Partner and Platinum Sponsors of NAVIGATOR 2024 in Washington, D.C. For Your Information: Check out Priority Dispatch’s new and improved website: https://www.prioritydispatch.net/ ...
OnStar: More than Lockouts and Crashes with Jim Lanier
April 04, 2024 14:34Jim Lanier, OnStar’s Global Manager for Public Safety Engagement Team, talks about OnStar’s continued role as a sponsor of NAVIGATOR. He also discusses what it looks like when OnStar takes an emergency (or nonemergency) call, recent advances in technology, and what conference attendees can look forward to trying out at the booth. This is the fourth in our series highlighting the Partner and Platinum Sponsors of NAVIGATOR 2024 in Washington, D.C. For Your Information: OnStar’s primary p...
Motorola Solutions: Solving for safer with Scott Arnold and Becca Zapata
March 26, 2024 14:56You might hear "Motorola" and think of either phones or radios. While Motorola Solutions is the market leader in radios for public safety, they are so much more than that: a technology company that is solving for safer communities through an ecosystem of safety and security products, from critical communications to command center software to video security and all of the services in between. With a 95-year history, Motorola Solutions has learned a thing or two about human-centered design and...
Carbyne: Relentless Innovation with Jeremy Banks
March 19, 2024 14:58Jeremy Banks, Senior Product Manager with Carbyne, talks about Carbyne’s role in developing and implementing NG911 in centers across the world. He also teases what conference attendees might find at the booth. This is the second in our series highlighting the Partner and Platinum Sponsors of NAVIGATOR 2024 in Washington, D.C. For Your Information: Learn more about Carbyne on their website: https://carbyne.com/company/about-us/
FirstWatch: Better Together with Carlynn Page Crampton
March 12, 2024 15:43Carlynn Page Crampton, Engagement Strategist with FirstWatch, discusses how FirstWatch assists Emergency Dispatchers in their everyday practices. She also talks about what attendees of NAVIGATOR 2024 can look forward to at the FirstWatch booth. This is the first in our series highlighting the Partner and Platinum Sponsors of NAVIGATOR 2024 in Washington, D.C. For Your Information: Listen to Carlynn’s previous episode: https://www.aedrjournal.org/on-firstwatch Check out the FirstWatch web...
Explaining and Exploring Moral Injury with Dr. Brooke Bartlett
March 05, 2024 15:55Dr. Brooke Bartlett, a licensed clinical psychologist and owner of the Center for Trauma, Anxiety, and Stress (CTAS), talks about moral injury: what it is, what causes it, and what it looks like in emergency dispatchers. For Your Information: The Center for Trauma, Anxiety, and Stress: https://www.centertas.com/ Check out Dr. Bartlett’s Instagram page: https://www.instagram.com/doctorbrookephd
Fledgling Instructors with Miguel Garcia, Nicole Smith, Bernhard Eisenbock, Brooke Dittfurth, Joanna Overton, and Diane Verreault
January 16, 2024 18:13A group of new IAED Instructors discuss their experiences taking the EMD and EFD Instructor courses. The guests are Miguel Garcia and Nicole Smith with the Sarasota County Fire Department in Florida, Bernhard Eisenbock with Notruf Niederösterreich in Lower Austria, Brooke Dittfurth with Acadian Ambulance Service in Texas, Joanna Overton with El Paso Regional Communications Center in Texas, and Diane Verrault with Groupe Alerte Santé in Quebec. They talk about their street experience in emerge...
Future Instructors with Michelle Vetter, Deborah McCombs, Matthew Foletti, and David Emerson
January 02, 2024 15:55Michelle Vetter, Senior Public Safety Telecommunicator with Morris County Communications in New Jersey, Deborah McCombs, Emergency Calltaker III with Prince George’s County in Maryland, Matthew Foletti, an officer with the Met Police in London, and David Emerson, a senior clinician in Australia, discuss their experiences taking the EMD and EPD Instructor courses. They talk about their street experience in emergency response, things that surprised them as they’ve begun to teach, and advice for...
The Instructor Academy with Eric Fayad
December 12, 2023 16:10Eric Fayad, the Associate Director of Instructor Services, discusses the Academy side of the IAED’s Instructor Academy—how it works, who’s eligible, and the kind of effort required to become a full-fledged instructor. This is the first in a two-part series about the Instructor Academy. For Your Information: Email Eric with your questions: eric (dot) fayad (at) emergencydispatch (dot) org
Caller in Crisis with Jim Marshall and Jay Scott
November 28, 2023 15:51Jim Marshall and Jason Scott with the 911 Training Institute return to talk about Emergency Mental Health Dispatching (EMHD) and Medical Priority Dispatch System Protocol 41: Caller in Crisis. They discuss the vast, untapped humanity that Emergency Dispatchers have to offer and the importance of adequately supporting those taking calls. For Your Information: Listen to the first part here: https://www.aedrjournal.org/principles-of-emergency-mental-health-dispatching-with-jim-marshall-and-ja...
Personalizing the Police Protocol with Cait Welch
November 14, 2023 15:51Cait Welch, a Quality Assurance Officer and Coordinator at Manatee County Sheriff’s Office, discusses the flexibility of the Police Priority Dispatch System (PPDS). After all, your center’s needs are as unique as the area and people you serve. She talks about Jurisdictionally Approved Questions and Instructions, the Admin Utility, local definitions, how to interrupt professionally, and obvious questions. For Your Information: Cait’s previous episode: https://www.aedrjournal.org/in-short-su...
School of Dispatch with Lori Henricksen and Lily Petersen
October 10, 2023 14:59Lori Henricksen, BX3 Public Safety owner and training consultant and creator of the Emergency Telecommunications Program at VTCTA, and Lily Petersen, former student of the program and current communications specialist supervisor at the Las Vegas Combined Communications Center, discuss the benefits of providing high school students with career technical education (CTE) in emergency dispatching. For Your Information: Listen to Lori’s previous episode: https://www.aedrjournal.org/the-next-gen...
Fire Safety Starts at Dispatch with Matthew Huddle
August 29, 2023 14:59Matthew Huddle, an emergency dispatcher with over 15 years of experience in Fire and EMS dispatch and over 20 years of firefighting experience with the Berwyn Heights Volunteer Fire Department, discusses the role of the Emergency Fire Dispatcher (EFD) in violent incidents. He covers the varying definitions of “violence,” the role of premise history, and the EFD’s need to cultivate active listening skills. For Your Information: Life Safety Initiative 12: https://www.everyonegoeshome.com/16-...
The Platinum Rule with Tracy Eldridge
August 15, 2023 13:16Tracy Eldridge discusses the history and mission of her company, “On Scene First,” and promotes using DISC model for more effective communication inside and outside the center. For Your Information: On Scene First: https://www.onscenefirst.com/
The Thin Gold Line Foundation with Jason and Kathy Lott
August 01, 2023 14:12Jason and Kathy Lott, founders of the Thin Gold Line Foundation, talk about Jason’s experience as an emergency dispatcher with PTSD and the resources their organization provides for other dispatchers. For Your Information: The Thin Gold Line Foundation website: https://www.thethingoldlinefoundation.com/ WarFighter Advance website: https://www.warfighteradvance.org/ Supplementary reading: The Healthy Dispatcher by Adam Timm and The Resilient 911 Professional by Jim Marshall
Stay Raspy with Ashley Valenzuela
July 18, 2023 14:42The Raspy Dispatcher herself, Ashley Valenzuela, discusses the resources her company offers, as well as some tips preparing for life both before and after dispatch. For Your Information: The Raspy Dispatcher website: https://www.theraspydispatcher.com/ Dispatch in Depth listeners get 15% off The Raspy Dispatchers merch store: the discount code is "IAEDPOD" (Good through January 31st, 2024) Secure the Bag with Amanda Kotroski: https://www.buzzsprout.com/2041682/12370157-secure-the-bag-am...
Branching Out and Making Waves with Erika Lakey and Yasmen Barnett
June 20, 2023 18:26Erika Lakey, ENP and CMCP, and Yasmen Barnett, ENP and CMCP, talk about emergency response career paths inside and outside of the comm. center, including how to branch out of or enhance your current role. For Your Information: Find resources at https://those911girls.com/ Erika’s research poster about drowning deaths: https://www.aedrjournal.org/a-drowning-epidemic-during-a-global-pandemic Journal article about Erika’s research poster: https://www.iaedjournal.org/an-ounce-of-prevent...
Principles of Emergency Mental Health Dispatching with Jim Marshall and Jay Scott
June 06, 2023 14:11Jim Marshall, CEO and co-founder of the 911 Training Institute, and Jason (Jay) Scott, partner engagement director at 911 Training Institute, discuss the underlying principles of Emergency Mental Health Dispatching (EMHD). They cover the development of MPDS Protocol 41: Caller in Crisis (to be released in Fall 2023 to accompany MPDS v14) and provide examples and resources for those interested in learning more. This is the first of a two-part series on handling callers in crisis. Stay tuned ...
Calling for Backup with Jim McLintock, Mike Koch, and Cassie Sexton
May 23, 2023 05:57The hosts of the H.A.L.T. and Call for Backup podcast series, Jim McLintock and Mike Koch, and Cassie Sexton, series regular, get into the nitty gritty of addiction, trauma, and the day of small beginnings in emergency response. For Your Information: Cassie’s episode of H.A.L.T.: https://www.spreaker.com/user/mhnrnetwork/calling-out-the-dispatchers-h-a-l-t-and- Positive Connections Radio: https://www.spreaker.com/show/positive-connections-radio First Responder Wellness: https://www.f...
Culture is King with Dr. Renee Thornton
May 09, 2023 15:05Dr. Renee Thornton, the founder of Pathfinder Resilience, discusses public safety wellness and enhancing workforce performance. She gives a practical definition of “resilience,” outlines the eight dimensions of wellbeing, and talks about actions you can take to make your center’s culture more positive. IAED/NASNA staffing survey results: https://www.emergencydispatch.org/in-the-news/press-releases/64632133-7f9f-4d77-8013-d59c445fdb88 2023 Qualtrics employee survey results: https://www.qua...
Using Video Technology with ECNS Calls with Dr. Conrad Fivaz, Ellen Edwards, and Dr. Mike Brady
March 21, 2023 15:23Dr. Conrad Fivaz, President of Priority Solutions Inc and chair of the ECNS council of standards, Ellen Edwards, Senior Professional Practice Educator for Clinical Support Desk at Welsh Ambulance Service, and Dr. Mike Brady, Consultant Clinician NHS 111, discuss the implementation of video technology at the Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust (WAST). They go over best practices, the types of calls best handled with video technology, and clinician feedback. For Your Information: Keep up with...
Improving Dispatcher Wellness in the Center and at Home with Dr. Violet Rymshaw
March 07, 2023 16:11Dr. Violet Rymshaw, CEO of Innovative Writing and former emergency dispatcher for police, fire, and EMS, discusses her research on the distinct needs of emergency dispatcher wellness. She talks about stressful calls and center culture as well as small steps to take toward improving the profession overall. For Your Information: Find Violet on any of these platforms: https://www.tiktok.com/@violetinla https://www.facebook.com/911GrantWriting https://www.instagram.com/911_grant_writing/ ...
Speaking the Same Language with Edel Burton
February 21, 2023 16:01Edel Burton, clinical hospital pharmacist and PhD scholar in the School of Public Health at University College Cork, discusses her research about pre-hospital care terminology and measurements. Your agency’s definition of “on scene” may be different from other agencies’ definitions, and Burton’s research will make it easier for agencies to compare their data. For Your Information: Edel’s PhD program: https://www.universityofgalway.ie/cdp-cdp/ The systematic review on the effects of COVI...
A Plethora of Emergency Dispatcher Appreciation Ideas with Alexia Jobson
February 07, 2023 16:20Alexia Jobson, REMSA Health’s Director of Public Relations, is here to help you prepare for National Public Safety Telecommunicators Week (April 9–15). Her ideas go beyond food-based appreciation and will open your eyes to other methods to try with your emergency dispatchers, as well as provide ideas to help you fund them. For Your Information: Read Alexia’s article in the Journal of Emergency Dispatch here: https://www.iaedjournal.org/a-quick-start-guide-to-celebrating-our-first-first-resp...
In The Drink with Jaci Fox
December 20, 2022 17:17Jaci Fox, quality assurance specialist and the Police Lead with QPR, discusses the best way to handle calls about impaired driving, including why it occurs, whether it includes driving while high, and the importance of updating the location in cases of moving violations. For Your Information: The National Highway Traffic Safety Association’s statistics on impaired driving: https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813294 More information on impaired driving: https:...
Tooling Around with the CADE Tool with Jason Barbour
December 06, 2022 17:35Jason Barbour, Public Safety Specialist at Priority Dispatch Corp., discusses the Police Priority Dispatch System CADE Tool. What is it? Who should use it? And what are the benefits of using it?
Police Dispatch Hurdles with Angela Huddle
October 25, 2022 15:26Angela Huddle, a member of the IAED’s Police Council of Standards with over 27 years in the 911 industry, discusses some common mistakes she’s seen emergency dispatchers make when handling police calls. For Your Information: Got a Proposal For Change (PFC) idea? Let us know: https://www.emergencydispatch.org/what-we-do/proposal-for-change
This Is Halloween Dispatching with Kevin Pagenkop
October 11, 2022 15:11Super-nerd Kevin Pagenkop talks about the very necessary, very fun Halloween protocols that he created—Protocol 28: Zombies, Protocol 47: Monsters, and Protocol 666: Vampires. For Your Information: Triage a call from your favorite Halloween movie! Download the Protocols here and send us a recording of your call at dispatchindepth (at) emergencydispatch (dot) org.
Smooth as a Baby's Bottom with Bonnie Guzman and Richard VanOsdol
September 27, 2022 15:05Bonnie Guzman, 911 dispatcher for Hancock County 911 in Hancock, Indiana, and Richard VanOsdol, Sergeant with Hancock County Police Department, recount their successful baby delivery from both sides of the call. For Your Information: Read more about the call: https://www.greenfieldreporter.com/2022/08/05/special-delivery-911-dispatcher-commended-for-her-role-in-coaching-local-deputy-through-delivering-a-baby/ Visit Hancock County 911’s site: https://sheriffweb.hancockcoingov.org/
What's Really Going On? with Melissa Colon and Heather Hedgcock
August 02, 2022 00:00Melissa Colon, CTO, Lieutenant, ETC instructor, and Q with Manatee County Emergency Communications Center, and Heather Hedgcock, QA Coordinator, Captain/Supervisor, ETC Instructor, and Q, discuss customer service skills. They outline how to professionally interrupt the caller, give examples of phrases you can use to sound polite and firm, and approach calltakers who lose their patience. For Your Information: Check out Manatee County Emergency Communication Center’s website: https://www.mym...
Taking Care of the Caretakers with Dr. Paul Bourgeois
July 19, 2022 00:00Dr. Paul Bourgeois, PhD, CRC, NCC, and Director of the Clinical Mental Health Counseling Programs at the University of New Haven, discusses his research into emergency dispatcher mental health. He talks about parallels between emergency dispatchers and counselors as well as first steps in improving the mental health climate in your agency. For Your Information: Dr. Bourgeois’s paper “Stress & Wellbeing in Emergency Dispatchers”: https://www.aedrjournal.org/stress-wellbeing-in-emergency-dis...
Facing in the Same Direction with Jonny McMullan
July 06, 2022 00:00Jonny McMullan, Performance Improvement Manager with the South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, discusses the benefits of mentoring in emergency dispatch, including what makes a good mentor and how to best support trainees. For your information: If you have any questions for Jonny, you can reach him at jonny (dot) mcmullan (at) setrust (dot) hscni (dot) net Read more about the EMD Mentor program here: https://www.iaedjournal.org/helping-everyone-excel https://www.iaedjournal.org/an-e...
On FirstWatch with Carlynn Crampton
June 21, 2022 00:00Carlynn Page Crampton, FirstWatch Engagement Strategist, discusses how FirstWatch can help your agency make data-driven decisions. For Your Information: FirstWatch: https://firstwatch.net/ Academy Analytics: https://prioritydispatch.net/academyanalytics/
On FirstWatch
June 21, 2022 00:00Carlynn Page Crampton, FirstWatch Engagement Strategist, discusses how FirstWatch can help your agency make data-driven decisions. For Your Information: FirstWatch: https://firstwatch.net/ Academy Analytics: https://prioritydispatch.net/academyanalytics/
Advocate for Your Mental Health with Danissa Alston
June 07, 2022 00:00Danissa Alston, Montgomery County Maryland 9-1-1 Communication Center’s staff social worker, discusses how mental health and body health are connected and what you can do today to reduce your stress levels. For Your Information: Find a therapist in your area (you can narrow your search by criteria like gender, race, or specialty): https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapists Find a therapist who uses EMDR: https://www.emdria.org/
Active Listening with Ariana Kitty and Robin Chamberlain
May 24, 2022 00:00Ariana Kitty, Operations Manager for Northwest Central Dispatch System (NWCDS), and Robin Chamberlain, QA independent contractor with PDC, discuss the skill of active listening, including what you can do to improve it and why it’s so crucial. For Your Information: Effects of NG911 on dispatcher health: https://www.aedrjournal.org/next-generation-9-1-1-media-your-telecommunicators-mental-health NWCDS website: https://www.nwcds.org/ Mehrabian’s Communication Model: https://worldofwork...
911 Tree of Life with Ty Wooten
April 12, 2022 00:00For the podcast's 100th episode, Ty Wooten, the IAED’s Director of Governmental Affairs, discusses the 911 Tree of Life, a project developed to recognize remarkable 911 telecommunicators and the difference they make every day in their communities. He talks about why it was a priority to the organizations who created it and what events warrant adding a leaf (spoiler alert, it’s not just the big calls). For Your Information: Add a leaf to the 911 Tree of Life (it doesn’t have to be a save):...
Avoiding Litigation and Liability with Stephan Bunker
April 05, 2022 00:00Stephan Bunker, an expert witness with over 50 years of public safety experience, discusses the key ways to avoid litigation and liability in emergency dispatch, including tips for individual dispatchers as well as center managers. For Your Information: Email Stephan your questions at stephan(dot)bunker(at)gmail(dot)com If you’re attending NAVIGATOR 2022, don’t miss his session “Fire Up Your Dispatchers” on April 28!
Fire Specialist Team with Erin Eaton and Jeb Lyons
March 08, 2022 00:00Erin Eaton, Operations Manager, and Jeb Lyons, Operations Manager, at Northwest Central Dispatch System (NWCDS) discuss their center’s fire specialist team, including how it started, what it’s accomplished, and how to put your own together. For Your Information: Learn more about Northwest Central Dispatch System: https://www.nwcds.org/
Smells Like Dispatch Spirit with Rabbi Cary Friedman
February 22, 2022 00:00Rabbi Cary Friedman, Associate Director of the Law Enforcement Survival Institute and consultant to the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit, discusses the role of spirituality in first response, including how to refill your depleted reservoirs. For Your Information: Cary’s books: Spiritual Survival for Law Enforcement https://spiritualsurvivalbook.com/ Wisdom from the Batcave https://batwisdom.com/ The Superhero Handbook for Cops Write your own credo: https://chaplainusa.org/the-credo-pr...
Feedback to the Future with Tim Russow
February 08, 2022 00:00Tim Russow, Quality Assurance Specialist with Ada County Sheriff’s Office, discusses quality assurance and feedback in emergency dispatch, including why it’s important and how to improve it. For Your Information: Ada County Sheriff’s Office: https://adacounty.id.gov/sheriff/ More about Professor Bruce Ballenger and writing resources for nonfiction, personal essay, and research: https://bruceballenger.com/
Getting the Reps In with Andrew Palmer
January 25, 2022 00:00Andrew Palmer, manager of instructional design at IAED, discusses emergency dispatch training, including where to start improving your own programs and what kind of training works best for this field. For Your Information: What is action mapping? https://blog.cathy-moore.com/action-mapping-a-visual-approach-to-training-design/ Log in to the Learning Portal: https://academy.emergencydispatch.org/
More Frequent and More Focused TCPR Training with Julie Buckingham
January 11, 2022 00:00Julie Buckingham, Telecommunicator Program Director at RQI Partners, discusses telecommunicator CPR, including new research about learning and comprehension, the importance of contextual training in the dispatch center, and how call simulations can improve skills. For Your Information: RQI Partners website: https://rqipartners.com/solutions/prehospital-solutions/rqi-telecommunicator/ Learn more about the American Heart Association’s TCPR guidelines: https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitatio...
Accessibility Accommodations with Mike Thompson
December 21, 2021 00:00Mike Thompson, a Fire Protocol, Academics and Standards Expert with the IAED’s Academics, Research, and Standards Division, discusses protocol accommodations for callers with disabilities, specifically for fire calls. He explains what accommodations exist and the events that prompted them. For Your Information: Learn more about the Fire Priority Dispatch System: https://www.emergencydispatch.org/what-we-do/emergency-priority-dispatch-system/fire-protocol Learn more about Proposals f...
Nothing About Us Without Us with Mads Matthews-Williams
December 07, 2021 00:00Mads Matthews-Williams (they/them), former emergency dispatcher, mentor, and quality auditor for the Welsh Ambulance Service, discusses how to handle LGBTQ issues in emergency dispatch, especially for transgender and nonbinary callers. For Your Information: Read the results of the 2018 Stonewall study of LGBTQ people in the United Kingdom: https://www.stonewall.org.uk/system/files/lgbt_in_britain_-_trans_report_final.pdf IAED Journal FAQ about medical calls from transgender patients: https...
In the Trend Zone with Kerri Hatt and Anthony Minge
November 23, 2021 00:00Kerri Hatt, editor-in-chief of EMS 1, and Anthony Minge, Senior Partner with Fitch & Associates, discuss the 2021 EMS Trend Report, including what insights and markers have changed since the 2020 report and which ones haven't. For Your Information: Read the 2021 EMS Trend Report: https://www.ems1.com/ems-trend-report/articles/2021-ems-trend-report-redefining-adaptability-resilience-and-growth-oVegtj8AqbFuI7Hc/ EMS1: https://www.ems1.com/ Fitch & Associates: https://www.fitchassoc.co...
The Importance of Peer Support Programs with Melissa Alterio
November 09, 2021 00:00Melissa Alterio, Director of Emergency Communications at Cobb County 911, discusses her paper “Peer Support Programs – Mitigating the Emotional Effects of Vicarious Trauma Experienced by 911 Dispatchers.” She talks about the methods for writing it and the takeaways for emergency dispatchers. For Your Information: Read Melissa’s paper: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343403733_Peer_Support_Programs-_Mitigating_the_Emotional_Effects_of_Vicarious_Trauma_Experienced_by_911_Dispat...
In Short Supply with Cait Welch
October 26, 2021 00:00Cait Welch, Quality Assurance Officer and Coordinator at Manatee County Sheriff’s Office in Florida, discusses how to cope with working in an understaffed center, including ways to approach recruiting, retention, and positivity. For Your Information: Learn more about Manatee County Sheriff’s Office: https://www.manateesheriff.com/ Contribute to a fund for one of the Manatee County Sheriff’s Office employees who has lost her husband: https://www.gofundme.com/f/atwuhd-help-jordan-tak...
Play Your ACE with Kim Rigden
September 28, 2021 00:00Kim Ridgen, Associate Director of Accreditation for the IAED, discusses barriers and drivers of success dispatch agencies face when they are trying to become accredited centers of excellence (ACEs), including agency culture, timeline for the achievement, and protocol compliance. For Your Information: Read the paper (or just the abstract) here: https://aedrjournal.org/for-us-its-the-only-way-characteristics-of-ace-achievement-and-barriers-to-success/