Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab Podcast artwork

Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab Podcast

160 episodes - English - Latest episode: about 3 years ago - ★★★★★ - 4 ratings

Podcasts on the subject of swine nutrition.

Life Sciences Science stein hans stein swine swine nutrition nutrition pigs monogastric monogastric nutrition university of illinois animals
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Episodes

Nutritional value of palm kernel products fed to pigs

January 31, 2018 05:48 - 22 minutes - 87.3 MB Video

In the second of two podcasts on the use of palm oil by-products in swine nutrition, Vanessa Lagos, a Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, discusses nutrient composition and digestibility in palm kernel meal and palm kernel expellers, as well as ways to improve the nutritional value of these products.

Processing and obtaining of palm oil and by-products for animal nutrition

December 22, 2017 20:15 - 12 minutes - 45.6 MB Video

In the first of two podcasts on the use of palm oil by-products in swine nutrition, Vanessa Lagos, a Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, explains the process of producing palm oil and how the different by-products are formed.

Swine Production in Brazil

November 30, 2017 05:44 - 5 minutes - 55.4 MB Video

Dr. Maryane Oliveira is a new postdoc in the Stein Lab. In this interview, she discusses swine production in Brazil.

Of Fiber, Carbohydrases, and Pigs

October 31, 2017 19:32 - 41 minutes - 114 MB Video

Dr. Hans H. Stein provides an overview of the different types of fiber found in feed ingredients often included in swine diets. He also discusses strategies for getting the most energy value out of high fiber feed ingredients.

Recent advances in using DDGS in the swine industry

September 29, 2017 17:59 - 26 minutes - 195 MB Video

Dr. Hans H. Stein, professor of animal sciences at the University of Illinois, presents his lab's findings regarding recent advances in the use of distillers dried grains with solubles, or DDGS, in the swine industry. Stein discusses energy and amino acid digestibility in low oil DDGS, and growth performance in pigs fed diets containing DDGS from 25 to 115 kg.

Effect of particle size of SPC on AA digestibility and concentration of ME, and effect of inclusion of SPC on growth performance of weanling pigs

August 29, 2017 22:06 - 10 minutes - 77.6 MB Video

Gloria Casas, Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, presents the results of three studies using soy protein concentrate (SPC). In the first two experiments, she determined amino acid digestibility and concentration of metabolizable energy in SPC ground to particle sizes of 70, 180, or 700 microns. In the third, she tested the effect of substituting SPC-180 for plasma and/or fish meal in diets fed to weanling pigs on growth performance and blood characteristics. Adapted from a...

Effects of ZnO and microbial phytase on digestibility of Ca and P in diets fed to growing pigs

July 28, 2017 22:53 - 9 minutes - 72.3 MB Video

Adding pharmacological doses of zinc to post-weaning diets helps prevent diarrhea and promotes growth performance in pigs, but zinc can interfere with the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Dr. Laia Blavi, a postdoctoral research associate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, presents the results of her research on how to ameliorate this effect.

Effect of origin of DDGS on ileal digestibility of AA and AEE by growing pigs

June 21, 2017 14:30 - 9 minutes - 91.9 MB Video

In this presentation, adapted from a talk given at the Distillers Grains Symposium in Indianapolis in May 2017, Ph. D. candidate Charmaine Espinosa discusses her work to determine the AID of acid hydrolyzed ether extract and the SID of crude protein and amino acids in seven sources of low-oil DDGS, and to determine if these values are consistent among suppliers.

Effects of high NDF diets on the N-balance of pigs fed Thr-limited diets

June 12, 2017 14:56 - 10 minutes - 91.9 MB Video

John Mathai, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, presents the results of an experiment he conducted to determine the threonine requirement in pigs fed high-fiber diets. Adapted from a presentation at the 2017 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Omaha, NE, March 13-15.

Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of feed ingredients and effects on in vitro digestibility of DM

May 30, 2017 19:16 - 11 minutes - 98.4 MB Video

Diego Navarro, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, presents the results of a study he conducted to determine the relationship between physicochemical characteristics of eight feed ingredients and the total tract digestibility of dry matter, energy, fiber, and protein. The characteristics studied include bulk density, solubility, water holding and water binding capacity, swelling, viscosity, cation-binding capacity, and fermentability Adapted from a presentation a...

Chemical composition and physicochemical characteristics of feed ingredients and effects on in vitro digestibility of DM

May 30, 2017 19:16 - 11 minutes - 98.4 MB Video

Diego Navarro, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, presents the results of a study he conducted to determine the relationship between physicochemical characteristics of eight feed ingredients and the total tract digestibility of dry matter, energy, fiber, and protein. The characteristics studied include bulk density, solubility, water holding and water binding capacity, swelling, viscosity, cation-binding capacity, and fermentability Adapted from a presentation a...

Composition and AA digestibility in SBM produced in the US, China, Argentina, Brazil, or India

March 31, 2017 03:46 - 12 minutes - 102 MB Video

Vanessa Lagos, Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, presents her research into differences in concentrations and digestibility of amino acids among the top five soybean meal producing countries, as well as variations within countries. Adapted from a presentation at the 2017 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Omaha, NE, March 13-15.

Requirements for digestible Ca by pigs

March 01, 2017 05:28 - 29 minutes - 101 MB Video

Dr. Hans H. Stein discusses his laboratory's experiments to determine the requirements for standardized total tract digestible calcium in pigs at different stages of life. He also offers recommendations as well as avenues for further research.

Absorption of Ca and expression of genes involved in Ca absorption in pigs

February 08, 2017 23:20 - 42 minutes - 353 MB Video

Dr. Hans H. Stein summarizes the results of his laboratory's research into the mechanism and regulation of calcium absorption in pigs.

Requirements for digestible calcium by 100 to 130 kg pigs

December 22, 2016 03:38 - 8 minutes - 73.3 MB Video

Dr. Laura Merriman, a recent Ph. D. recipient from the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, discusses the results of her research into the requirement for digestible calcium in 100 to 130 kg finishing pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS-WSASAS Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 19-23.

Effects of full fat or defatted rice bran and microbial xylanase on growth performance of weanling pigs

November 22, 2016 00:08 - 10 minutes - 77.3 MB Video

Gloria Casas is a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory. In this presentation, she discusses the effects of feeding full fat rice bran and defatted rice bran, without or with the addition of microbial xylanase, on growth performance and blood characteristics of weanling pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS-WSASAS Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 19-23.

Effect of α-galactosidase on the energy value of SBM and growth performance of weanling pigs

October 11, 2016 20:54 - 11 minutes - 35.1 MB Video

Charmaine Espinosa, a Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition lab, presents her investigations into the use of α-galactosidase to improve energy digestibility in soybean meal fed to weanling pigs. These experiments were part of Charmaine's Master's degree work at the University of the Phillipines Los Baños.

Effects of high protein canola meal on digestibility of phosphorus and growth performance in pigs

September 27, 2016 20:49 - 14 minutes - 117 MB Video

Yue She, former visiting scholar in the Stein lab, discussed the results of two studies investigating the effects of feeding high protein canola meal to pigs. The objective of the first study was to determine the ATTD and STTD of phosphorus in high protein canola meal fed to growing pigs. The second study was conducted to determine the optimum inclusion rate of high protein and conventional canola meal in diets fed to weanling pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASAS Midwestern Sect...

Effects of inclusion of canola meal in weanling pig diets containing different concentrations of energy

August 15, 2016 17:25 - 11 minutes - 31.1 MB Video

Trine Pedersen, who was a visiting scholar in the Stein Lab in 2015, presents the results of a study of high protein and conventional canola meal fed to weanling pigs. She evaluated the effects of canola meal inclusion, dietary net energy, and the addition of an exogenous enzyme on growth performance and physiological parameters. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS-WSASAS Joint Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 19-23.

Amino acid digestibility in dairy proteins compared with plant proteins

July 25, 2016 19:42 - 8 minutes - 25.9 MB Video

Dr. Yanhong Liu, a former postdoctoral fellow in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, discusses her research into the effects of Cibenza Phytaverse G10, a a novel next-generation microbial phytase, on growth performance and metacarpal bone ash in weanling pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 14-16.

Amino acid digestibility in dairy proteins compared with plant proteins

July 25, 2016 19:42 - 8 minutes - 25.9 MB Video

Dr. Yanhong Liu, a former postdoctoral fellow in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, discusses her research into the effects of Cibenza Phytaverse G10, a a novel next-generation microbial phytase, on growth performance and metacarpal bone ash in weanling pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 14-16.

Amino acid digestibility in six sources of meat and bone meal fed to growing pigs

June 29, 2016 03:12 - 10 minutes - 55.8 MB Video

Diego Navarro, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, presents the results of an experiment to to determine the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in six sources of meat and bone meal. Nutrient composition and quality varies among sources of meat and bone meal due to differences in the raw materials used and differences in processing. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 14-16.

Amino acid digestibility in six sources of meat and bone meal fed to growing pigs

June 29, 2016 03:12 - 10 minutes - 55.8 MB Video

Diego Navarro, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, presents the results of an experiment to to determine the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in six sources of meat and bone meal. Nutrient composition and quality varies among sources of meat and bone meal due to differences in the raw materials used and differences in processing. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 14-16.

Effects of exogenous xylanase on digestibility of energy and nutrients and concentrations of DE and ME in rice co-products fed to weanling pigs

June 17, 2016 20:24 - 10 minutes - 89.7 MB Video

Gloria Casas, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, presents her research into the use of exogenous xylanase to increase the feed value of rice co-products. The co-products tested in this experiment were brown rice, broken rice, full fat rice bran, and defatted rice bran. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 14-16.

Effect of fat sources on ATTD of minerals

May 23, 2016 19:15 - 10 minutes - 73.7 MB Video

Dr. Laura Merriman, a recent Ph. D. reciepient from the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, discusses her research into the effects of saturated and unsaturated fat on mineral digestibility in growing pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 14-16.

Effects of fiber, a direct-fed microbial, and feeding duration on digestibility of energy and nutrients by pigs

May 09, 2016 18:24 - 30 minutes - 257 MB Video

Dr. Neil Jaworski, a recent Ph. D. recipient from the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, reports on an experiment to determine the effects of fiber, direct fed microbial (DFM) addition, and feeding duration on energy and nutrient digestibility. Among other findings, Jaworski's data show that a five day adaptation period to high fiber diets is sufficient when determining concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in diets fed to pigs; and that high fiber diets reduce ileal and total t...

Effect of phytase on ATTD and STTD of Ca in feed ingredients of animal origin fed to growing pigs

April 13, 2016 22:05 - 14 minutes - 130 MB Video

Laura Merriman, a Ph. D.candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, discusses her research into the effects of adding microbial phytase on the digestibility of calcium in diets containing meat and bone meal, meat meal, poultry byproduct meal, and poultry meal. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 14-16.

Digestible calcium requirements and calcium and phosphorus balance for 25-50 kg pigs

March 29, 2016 22:15 - 11 minutes - 96.4 MB Video

Caroline Gonzalez-Vega, a recent Ph. D. recipient from the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, discusses her work to determine standardized total tract digestible calcium requirements for 25-50 kg pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2016 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 14-16.

Protein Quality: Transitions in Food Protein Evaluation

December 19, 2015 05:19 - 10 minutes - 21.6 MB Video

John Mathai is a Ph. D. student enrolled in the interdisciplinary Division of Nutritional Sciences at the U of I. Under the supervision of Dr. Stein, he is working on using pigs as a model to investigate digestible indispensable amino acid scoring (DIAAS) as a superior alternative to the current standard for measuring protein quality. In this podcast, he talks about the history of protein quality evaluation, how the DIAAS system is an improvement over previous methods, and the work that the S...

Effect of a 3-strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on growth performance and volatile fatty acid production in nursery pigs fed low or high fiber diets

November 25, 2015 01:32 - 16 minutes - 36.2 MB Video

Neil Jaworski, a Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, presents his research on the use of a fiber-degrading feed additive in low fiber (corn-soybean meal) or high fiber (corn-soybean meal-DDGS-wheat middlings) diets fed to nursery pigs. Jaworski studied the effects on growth performance and volatile fatty acid production. Adapted from a presentation at the 2015 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, July 12-16.

Effect of a 3-strain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on performance, VFA production, carcass characteristics, and GI tract weights in growing-finishing pigs fed low or high fiber diets

October 13, 2015 21:21 - 22 minutes - 57.2 MB Video

Neil Jaworski, a Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, presents his research on the use of a fiber-degrading feed additive in low fiber (corn-soybean meal) or high fiber (corn-soybean meal-DDGS-wheat middlings) diets fed to growing-finishing pigs. Jaworski studied the effects on growth performance, volatile fatty acid production, carcass characteristics, and gastrointestinal tract weights Adapted from a presentation at the 2015 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Orl...

Effects of pelleting and extrusion on energy digestibility in pig diets containing different levels of fiber

September 21, 2015 21:30 - 10 minutes - 21.5 MB Video

Dr. Oscar Rojas is a recent Ph. D. recipient from the Stein Nutrition Lab. In this podcast, he discusses the effects of pelleting, extrusion, or a combination of both technologies on digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets containing different levels of fiber fed to growing pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2015 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, July 12-16.

Effects of Sal CURB on digestibility of energy and nutrients by growing pigs

August 24, 2015 22:08 - 9 minutes - 19.5 MB Video

Dr. Yanhong Liu, postdoctoral research fellow in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, discusses the results of an experiment to determine the effects of a formaldehyde-based feed disinfectant on energy and nutrient digestibility, as well as phytase and vitamin stability in treated feed. Adapted from a presentation at the 2015 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, July 12-16.

Effects of fiber on the optimum threonine:lysine ratio for 25 to 50 kg growing gilts

July 23, 2015 01:39 - 13 minutes - 27.9 MB Video

John Mathai, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, presents his research on how fiber levels in the diet can affect the optimum threonine to lysine ratio for growing pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2015 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, July 12-16.

One or two diets for lactating sows?

July 01, 2015 04:56 - 11 minutes - 32.8 MB Video

Trine Pedersen is a visiting scholar in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab. In this presentation, she shares the results of her Master's degree research at Aarhus University in Denmark, where she investigated ways to more efficiently feed lactating sows.

Effects of phytase on phosphorus digestibility of rice co-products fed to growing pigs

May 29, 2015 03:18 - 12 minutes - 138 MB Video

Gloria Casas, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, discusses the results of her research into the effects of phytase on phosphorus digestibility in brown rice, broken rice, full fat rice bran, defatted rice bran, and rice mill feed fed to growing pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2015 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 15-18.

Digestible calcium requirements and calcium and phosphorus balance for weanling pigs

May 11, 2015 20:37 - 11 minutes - 23.3 MB Video

Caroline Gonzalez-Vega, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, discusses her work to determine standardized total tract digestible calcium requirements for weanling pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2015 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 15-18.

Concentration of energy in processed soybean and rapeseed products fed to pigs

April 09, 2015 20:25 - 12 minutes - 25.9 MB Video

Diego Navarro is a Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab. He discusses the results of an experiment to determine the concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in two sources of enzyme treated soybean meal, an extruded soybean meal that was subsequently fortified with an enzyme treatment, a source of soy protein concentrate, conventional soybean meal, conventional 00-rapeseed expellers, and a fermented co-product mixture containing fermented rapeseed meal, wheat, soy...

Concentration of energy in processed soybean and rapeseed products fed to pigs

April 09, 2015 20:25 - 12 minutes - 25.9 MB Video

Diego Navarro is a Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab. He discusses the results of an experiment to determine the concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in two sources of enzyme treated soybean meal, an extruded soybean meal that was subsequently fortified with an enzyme treatment, a source of soy protein concentrate, conventional soybean meal, conventional 00-rapeseed expellers, and a fermented co-product mixture containing fermented rapeseed meal, wheat, soy...

Effect of particle size of calcium carbonate on apparent and standardized total tract digestibility and retention of calcium by growing pigs

April 01, 2015 15:44 - 9 minutes - 20.1 MB Video

Laura Merriman, a Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, presents the results of her research on the effect of particle size of calcium carbonate on digestibility and retention of calcium and phosphorus by growing pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2015 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 15-18.

Illinois Pork Expo 2015

February 10, 2015 22:48 - 2 minutes - 29.5 MB Video

In this interview recorded at the 2015 Illinois Pork Expo, Todd Gleason talks with Dr. Hans H. Stein about grinding corn to smaller particle sizes to increase feed efficiency.

Standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in rice bran with and without phytase supplementation in swine diets

December 22, 2014 19:44 - 25 minutes - 50.7 MB Video

Jerubella Abelilla, Ph. D. student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, shares her Master's degree research on phosphorus digestibility in rice bran and how it is affected by phytase supplementation.

Estimation of the requirement for standardized ileal digestible lysine in 25 to 50 kg growing gilts

October 23, 2014 19:58 - 7 minutes - 15.2 MB Video

John Mathai, Master's student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, presents the results of an experiment to determine the requirement for standardized ileal digestible lysine in growing gilts fed commercially representative corn-soybean meal diets. Adapted from a presentation at the 2014 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, July 20-24.

Effect of fiber and fat on calculated values for standardized total tract digestibility of calcium in fish meal

September 27, 2014 21:10 - 13 minutes - 27.4 MB Video

Caroline Gonzalez-Vega, Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Nutrition Lab, discusses the results of two experiments on the digestibility of calcium in fish meal. The studies used corn based diets as well as cornstarch-based (semisynthetic) diets, and the results have implications for the use of semisynthetic diets in digestibility studies. Adapted from a presentation at the 2014 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, July 20-24.

Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to sows and growing pigs

July 31, 2014 19:48 - 12 minutes - 26.6 MB Video

Jessica Lowell is a recent Master's degree recipient from the Stein Nutrition Lab. In this podcast, she discusses her research on the comparative digestibility of crude protein, NDF, and energy in diets fed to gestating sows and growing pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2014 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, July 20-24.

Comparative digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to sows and growing pigs

July 31, 2014 19:48 - 12 minutes - 26.6 MB Video

Jessica Lowell is a recent Master's degree recipient from the Stein Nutrition Lab. In this podcast, she discusses her research on the comparative digestibility of crude protein, NDF, and energy in diets fed to gestating sows and growing pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2014 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, July 20-24.

Amino acid digestibility in processed soybean and rapeseed products fed to weanling pigs

July 31, 2014 19:23 - 9 minutes - 22.4 MB Video

Ph. D. candidate Diego Navarro presents the results of a study investigating amino acid digestibility in enzyme-treated soybean meal, enzyme-treated extruded soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, conventional soybean meal, conventional 00-rapeseed expellers, and a fermented co-product mixture containing fermented 00-rapeseed meal, wheat bran, soy molasses, and potato peel. Adapted from a presentation at the 2014 ASDA-ASAS-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, July 20-24.

Prediction of concentrations of digestible, metabolizable, and net energy in soybean meal from throughout the United States fed to pigs

May 21, 2014 15:16 - 10 minutes - 23.1 MB Video

Kelly Sotak, a Ph. D. candidate in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Lab, shares the results of her research into digestible, metabolizable, and net energy concentrations in soybean meal from four regions of the United States. Adapted from a presentation at the 2014 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 17-19.

Effects of high protein canola meals fed to weanling pigs on growth performance, organ weights, bone ash, and blood parameters

May 14, 2014 23:53 - 13 minutes - 28.7 MB Video

Chelsie Parr, Master's student in the Stein Monogastric Nutrition Laboratory, discusses the effects of feeding new varieties of low fiber, high protein canola meals to weanling pigs on growth performance, organ weights, bone ash, and blood parameters. Adapted from a presentation at the 2014 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 17-19.

Effects of reducing the particle size of corn on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

April 30, 2014 18:56 - 12 minutes - 27.7 MB Video

In the second of two presentations on corn particle size, Ph. D. candidate Oscar Rojas presents the results of an experiment designed to measure the effect of reducing the particle size of corn on growth performance, dressing percentage, back fat, hot carcass weight, and stomach health in growing and finishing pigs. Adapted from a presentation at the 2014 ASAS Midwestern Section meeting, Des Moines, IA, March 17-19.