Beat Your Genes Podcast
367 episodes - English - Latest episode: 8 days ago - ★★★★★ - 422 ratingsLet's look at life through the lens of our ancestors. Our instincts were shaped by their struggles in an environment much different than our current environment. Our instincts haven't changed much but our environment has changed dramatically. We blend the science of evolutionary psychology with the clinical experience of Doug Lisle, PhD to explore common problems and stumbling points in our pursuit of happiness.
New episodes come out Wednesdays at 8:30 PST. If you have a question or comment, or maybe even a complicated situation that you'd like some advice on, feel free to call us and leave a voicemail at (714) 900-2601 or send in a question through www.BeatYourGenes.org
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Episodes
(Replay) Neuroticism and IQ, Creating habits, Saving a post-affair marriage
February 11, 2021 04:30 - 59 minutes - 54.6 MBIn today's replay of episode 211, Dr. Lisle & Dr. Howk discuss: 1. How does neuroticism interact with IQ? We've all been in situations where a reasonable point of view is met by a barrage of irritable insults. Are people whose emotions play such a major role able to reason in an abstract and measured way, or does high neuroticism knock off the equivalent of 10 or 20 IQ points? Has this ever been studied? 2. What are the uses and limits of trying to create habits? For example, I often try to e...
249: Washed Up Jimmy is Offended, Do Friends & Business mix?
February 04, 2021 04:30 - 43 minutes - 39.4 MBIn today's episode, Dr Lisle & Howk discuss the following questions 1.My friend (washed up Jimmy) felt that the Doctors were undervaluing 'washed up Jimmys' potential contribution to a relationship. He made an interesting point. In a society that is bringing women into the workforce, there will inevitably be more relationships with higher earning females. We can see that this will run afoul of our ancient attraction circuits. But isn't this a necessary trade off of the gender equality moveme...
(Replay) Minimizing distortions, Worth it to disagree?
January 28, 2021 04:30 - 1 hour - 56.7 MBIn tonight's replay of episode 190, Dr. Lisle discusses the following questions: 1. I was wondering how Dr Lisle reconciled two seemingly opposing thoughts I've heard on separate episodes. 1. CBT is an effective therapy to mitigate cognitive distortions and 2. The human brain/nervous system does an immaculate job of evaluating its effectiveness and status within a group. If our brains do such an amazing job of evaluating feedback from the group, why are cognitive distortions so common? 2.I've...
248: Earning esteem, feeling pride, and self-improvement
January 21, 2021 04:30 - 41 minutes - 37.9 MBIn today's episode, Dr. Lisle discusses the following question: Do you have any tips for getting yourself to do the hard things you know you should do? I am a voracious consumer of self-improvement content. I truly believe in the science and superiority of the whole food plant-based diet, in the importance of regular exercise for physical and mental health, and in the benefit of productivity and life-improvement. I have things that I know would absolutely improve my life in the long run but I...
(Replay) Stuck in a stagnant rut, Mirror emotions, More detail on agreeableness
January 14, 2021 04:30 - 57 minutes - 52.8 MBIn tonight's replay of episode 187, Dr. Lisle discusses: 1. Why am I so stagnant? Despite doing poorly in practically all the dimensions of my life (romantic, social, pursuit) I don't take any effective action. I've done an immense amount of therapies from various modalities, worked with many therapists, including numerous other things to no avail. I stew and rage but don't do anything and I don't know why. I also like to feel like a victim so as to not feel the pressure of responsibility. 2....
248: Govt & Pleasure Trap, Avoiding ego trap as a celeb, Evo Psych over 60
January 07, 2021 04:30 - 53 minutes - 48.3 MBIn today's show, Dr. Howk & Dr. Lisle discuss: 1. On your episode about the 2020 election, I was very surprised to hear the two of you lionize the sturdiness of American government when one of the central problems in American life, diet-related disease, is so largely attributable to lobbying. If government can be bought, how am I supposed to buy the idea of a reliable government? 2. How do people like the Esselstyns, Dr Campbell, and others not fall into the Ego Trap re: plant based eating?...
247: Govt & Pleasure Trap, Avoiding ego trap as a celeb, Evo Psych over 60
January 07, 2021 04:30 - 52 minutes - 48.3 MBIn today's show, Dr. Howk & Dr. Lisle discuss: 1. On your episode about the 2020 election, I was very surprised to hear the two of you lionize the sturdiness of American government when one of the central problems in American life, diet-related disease, is so largely attributable to lobbying. If government can be bought, how am I supposed to buy the idea of a reliable government? 2. How do people like the Esselstyns, Dr Campbell, and others not fall into the Ego Trap re: plant based eating? 3...
247: 2020 Year in Review
December 31, 2020 05:30 - 59 minutes - 53.4 MBIn today's show, Nate Gershfeld recaps some favorite clips from the 2020 episodes.
246: 2020 Year in Review
December 31, 2020 05:30 - 58 minutes - 53.4 MBIn today's show, Nate Gershfeld recaps some favorite clips from the 2020 episodes.
245: Maximizing freedom, Are pets supernormal family stimuli?
December 25, 2020 01:00 - 49 minutes - 45 MBIn the last live episode of 2020, Dr. Howk and Dr. Lisle discuss: 1. I am in my mid forties and for almost my whole life I have been a strong advocate of much stricter controls of driving, smoking and drinking. Literally my only disclaimer is that I understand controls may lead the behaviour to go underground and so you'd have to allow for that. Otherwise: Bring on the controls of these dangerous activities! I personally do not own a car, do not smoke and do not drink by the way. Others seem...
244: Washed up Jimmy, Lazy millennials, Covid mandates/New normal?
December 10, 2020 04:30 - 46 minutes - 42.9 MBIn today's show, the dr's discuss the following topics: 1. As a somewhat successful women in her late thirties, I find many males attracted to my stability. I feel almost viewed as an asset to potential mates in the dating arena. Someone they would show off to their parents. Even to hear, ‘we could do so much with our incomes combined’. Dr. Lyle has stated men are not much concerned about provisions from the woman. I would like to hear your download on this. Along the same lines, I hire a doz...
243: Erectile Dysfunction, Pleasure Trap/Ego Trap: Blaming the wrong things
November 26, 2020 04:30 - 52 minutes - 48.2 MBIn today's show, the Dr's answer and discuss the following questions: 1. My high blood pressure medication is causing me to underperform in the bedroom to the point where I feel extremely anxious, embarrassed, and guilty that I am losing this part of myself to old age. My doctor says it's either the meds or a stroke, so I follow her advice. My wife is very supportive, but I can't help but feel guilty. How can I help her understand that I do love her and that it's not her physical appear...
(Replay) Is effective health care possible? Sharing health info w sick friends
November 19, 2020 04:30 - 44 minutes - 41 MBIn this replay of episode 185, Dr. Lisle answers these questions: 1. Given the profitability of prescribing pills and surgical procedures, do you believe the mainstream medical-industrial-complex will ever reach a tipping point and head in the direction of true health care? As opposed to the current system of what basically boils down to disease maintenance? 2. In church this week I felt very guilty. No one is specifically asking me for nutrition advice but every week we hear about and pray f...
242: Dr. Howk & Dr. Lisle analysis of the 2020 US Presidential Election
November 12, 2020 04:30 - 48 minutes - 44.3 MBIn this episode, Dr. Howk and Dr. Lisle analyze the 2020 US Presidential Election between President Trump and former VP Joe Biden.
(Replay): Pleasure Trap, Making yourself proud, Social cost of eating healthy
November 05, 2020 04:30 - 53 minutes - 48.8 MBIn this reply of episode 195, Dr. Lisle & Dr. Howk discuss: On today's show, Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk will answer the following questions: 1. Imagine a 20-year-old male. Every day, he plays video games, eats Twinkies, drinks Mountain Dew, binge watches Netflix, mindlessly scrolls through Social Media, and watches . What are the long-term and short-term effects of all this supernormal stimuli? 2.I feel like I’m stuck in a diet mindset where my internal audience won’t recognize any of my effort...
241: Spouse is Great but Unhealthy, Blamed for Child's Behavior, Feel vs act
October 29, 2020 03:30 - 56 minutes - 51.7 MB1.My husband and I are in our late 20s, no children, married less than 3 years. 6 months after our wedding, I became whole food plant based and an ethical vegan. I was already pretty healthy prior, but still lost 10 pounds and reversed some health conditions. My husband has a lot of health issues. He hasn’t physically changed much since our wedding and has always had these health problems, but I looked past them because I love everything else about my husband. He’s seen all the vegan document...
(Replay) Group therapy, Plomian curse, Enlightenment trap, Being less critical
October 22, 2020 03:30 - 44 minutes - 41 MBIn today's replay of Episode 192 we have the following questions: 1. What are Dr. Lisle's thoughts on group therapy? What is the purpose if there is one and how would he apply evolutionary principles and esteem dynamics to group therapy? 2. My MIL treats her 4 granddaughters quite differently. I am a disagreeable person who really values fairness. It’s hard not to comment or approach her when she treats them so different. Let’s not even begin to get into how many more clothes and toys (resou...
240: Dealing with Narcissism, Small Talk vs Discussing Unconventional views
October 15, 2020 03:30 - 57 minutes - 52.6 MBIn today's new episode, Dr. Lisle discusses the following questions: 1) I was deeply fascinated by the Drs' take on narcissism and finally realized my mother is a narcissist. Many of my "friends" are also narcissists or suffer from tendencies. Is there a correlation between being raised by a narcissist and seeking those same traits in friends/partners? And what advice would you share for dealing with these people, short of running for the door? 2) I finished How I Found Freedom in an Unfree W...
(Replay) Impostor Syndrome, Parenting a mischievous son, BF went to stripclub
October 08, 2020 03:30 - 56 minutes - 51.5 MBIn this replay of Episode 191, Dr. Howk and Dr. Lisle answer the following questions: 1. What is impostor syndrome? Can you change the perception of feeling like a fraud? 2. A dad's son climbs on a roof to look at his neighbor's nude sunbathing. Dad handles it, but mom is furious and thinks this is huge issue warranting psychiatric medications. 3. A listener's boyfriend ended up at a stripclub with coworkers. He denies he got a lapdance even though everyone else got one. Listener wants...
239: Down arrow, Education policy, Epigenetics, Trauma induced behavioral change
October 01, 2020 03:30 - 49 minutes - 45.2 MBIn this new episode, Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk answer these q's: 1. Voicemail question: Are there some situations where you avoid using the down arrow technique like when the worst case scenario is actually going to happen or already present? 2. Imagine that you are magically made Emperor of K-12 Education in the US. Essentially, you have complete, authoritarian control over the education system and can expect 100% compliance on your vision and mandates. How would you design the education sys...
(Replay) Couchsurfing as a woman, Resilience vs coddling, Jealousy after breakup
September 24, 2020 03:30 - 57 minutes - 52.3 MBIn this replay of episode 188, Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk, discuss the following questions: 1. My niece and I have been debating whether it’s safe for attractive young solo female travelers to couch surf. She believes that a careful reading of a host’s couch surfing profile enables her to spot would-be predators. What are your thoughts on this Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk? 2. Can you talk about what resilience is with regard to personality/the big 5? Do you think that it is possible to help people dev...
238:Calorie budget,Baby v Adult talk,Russian women,Heritability,Corporate jargon
September 17, 2020 04:00 - 57 minutes - 52.4 MB1. I have been a proponent of wholesome eating as the guarantee of good health and optimal weight. The approach has worked great for me, but I am still curious to know if eating high caloric density foods – but within strict daily caloric “budget” – is detrimental to one’s health? I have no cravings or addictions of any sort, it is almost an “academic” question mostly concerning socially inflicted foods like BBQ, wine, cheese, etc. 2. My girlfriend often slips into baby talk — and it grates o...
237: Desire to change others, Sibling concerns, Step-dad harsh with stepson
September 03, 2020 03:30 - 43 minutes - 40.1 MB1. If it is true that we can't change people, why would evolution waste energy engineer feelings in us that make us feel incline to try to change others? If we can't change others, why do people come to believe they can or enter relationships with others on that premise? 2. My brother has always been very private about his relationship with his significant other, to the point that it makes our family uncomfortable. She was a foreign exchange student when they met, failed to meet requirements...
236: Read receipts, Low sex desire, Weight, High school skills, Silly animals
August 27, 2020 03:30 - 48 minutes - 44.4 MB1. I am a 40-something male on the online/swipey app dating scene. I have had rotten luck and I am interested in whether turning off “read receipts” on WhatsApp is putting women off. I like the freedom that turning off “read receipts” gives me. At the same time I worry I am giving into my fears of rejection, possibly ego-trapping myself. Why does it feel empowering to turn off “read receipts” on WhatsApp and is this potentially putting off women who may think I have a hidden agenda? 2. I ha...
235: Underdogs, Lazy husband, Genetic politics,Disagreeable vs confrontational
August 20, 2020 03:30 - 51 minutes - 47.5 MBIn today's show, the Dr's answer these Q's: 1. Why do we root for under-dogs ? How do we get status from a group that contains perennial losers ? 2. My husband and I are both 30 and have been married 2 years. My husband really wants kids, but I’m nervous about his lazy habits when that day comes. My question is: will having kids force my husband to be more active? I’m worried he will still be a couch potato 10 years from now and won’t be an active and engaged parent. 3. I've got a comment ab...
234: Covid Update, Psychology of War, Why High Expectations?
August 13, 2020 03:30 - 46 minutes - 42.2 MBIn today's episode, Dr. Lisle updates us on his thinking about the COVID-19 pandemic and current events surrounding lockdowns, death rates, and the future. Two questions are answered and they are: 1. Question about war - I am fascinated about how humans can band together in tribes and kill eachother. They also will battle eachother while having hospitals right there to treat the wounded. I can understand fighting over resources but these days it seems to be more over ideologies than that. Do...
233: Helping friends, Aliens, PMS, Anger management, Reducing anxiety
August 06, 2020 03:30 - 48 minutes - 44.6 MB1. I feel like I am in the process of losing my best friend. She has been trying to leave an emotionally abusive/narcissistic relationship with a much older man for a while. Of her own admission she has “no future” with this guy. Whenever I try to have this conversation with her, she freezes up and goes silent on me for weeks until she messages again with a complete change of topic. What would you do, doctors, if you were in my position? 2. I have a question regarding alien abductions. If ...
232: Sugar babies, Appearance & personality, Unconditional love, Homelessness
July 30, 2020 03:30 - 51 minutes - 47 MB1. My 19 year old daughter confided in me that she and her friend joined a sugar baby website and has met an older man. I am her birthmother. We are in an "open adoption arrangement" I am 38, so younger than her mom and someone she confides in. No other adults know about this. Is this normal developmentally and I should just let it play out, or is this out of bounds, and I may need to intervene more assertively? 2. Is there any way to spot people on extreme ends of the bell curve by their ap...
231: Post-corona dating calibration, Pushing our kids, Controlling others
July 23, 2020 03:30 - 45 minutes - 41.6 MBToday's questions: 1. I'm interested in the post-Corona calibration process many of us are likely going through or about to go through. I'd be interested to hear how this unique level of isolation we've all experienced leads to decalibration and then the process of recalibrating again. I am just now starting to "get back out there" and I get the sense that my nervous system is desperate for calibration while at the same time guarded against any potential bad news. What do you think, doctors? ...
230: Repeat Exposure, Scrambled Eggs, Pair bond dating success, Online dating
July 16, 2020 03:30 - 46 minutes - 42.5 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk start with a dating question and branch off to discuss the Repeat Exposure Effect along with a song performed by one of our listeners, Warren Tews (https://youtu.be/T7_BjA_M74A), the discussion turns towards "All about the Eggs" as Dr. Lisle describes the male mating strategy of "trying to get to the female's eggs" and the confusion (from the female) that can result from that. Included in the discussion is online dating strategies for women for pair b...
229: Changing political views, Dealing with grief, Current division in the world
July 09, 2020 03:30 - 48 minutes - 44.5 MBIn today's show, the Dr's discuss these questions: 1. Ive been following Geoffory Millers twitter during the past couple months and noticed that his worldview is trending to become a little more conservative and traditionalist in light of the unprecedented level of social conflict we are experiencing. This is something that resonates with me. Once I began to understand the principles of Evolutionary Psychology, I began to see the hidden wisdom in tradition. I notice that Dr. Lisle does not se...
228: Selfish Gene & Blueprint, Faking orgasms, Low mood stay at home mom
July 02, 2020 03:30 - 42 minutes - 38.5 MB1. I have come to some confusion reconciling the Selfish Gene's central ideas and Plomin's description of genetics. The confusion though comes from trying to understand how the notion of self selective pressures at the individual gene level would be possible when so many traits of the phenotype are the result of the interaction of several genes within the genome. How can individual genes "compete" when each individual gene is reliant on how it "correlates(?)" with the rest of the genome. 2. W...
227: Genes for disease vs. personality, Parental influence, Environmental genes
June 25, 2020 03:30 - 52 minutes - 47.8 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle discusses: 1. I know you propose that personality is 100% genetically driven. But Dr. McDougall has shown that genes can be turned on and off by diet, and that even the DNA of twins may diverge over time if each twin is raised separately on different diets. Might the same thing be true of the genes behind our personalities? That certain genes could be switched on or off by environmental impacts. And if so, wouldn't that mean that nurture (along with nature) does in ...
226: Irritated compliance, Getting ppl to listen, Break ups, Marriage hesitation
June 18, 2020 03:30 - 59 minutes - 54.1 MBQ's 1. I'm a hyperconscientious nutcase but I don't relate at all to Dr Lisle's statement that HCNCs are more likely to be over the top with wearing masks, washing hands, etc.. I find myself getting so irritated with other people's compliance that I now make sarcastic comments in public whenever I see people wearing masks or dutifully standing on crosses in supermarket queues. What is happening to me? Is this situational disagreeableness, or is there another explanation? 2. Dr Lisle has spoke...
225: AGE's,Evolution & diet, Self-esteem during recovery, Finding YOUR coalition
June 11, 2020 03:30 - 55 minutes - 51.1 MBIn today's show, the doctors discuss: 1. Looking at a list of the foods with the most AGEs in them (fried or high temperature cooked high-protein/fat/sugar foods), it almost seems as if humans can in fact taste AGEs specifically. Why should the products of cooked fats and protein, especially in combination with each other and sugar, taste so much better to humans than those same products mildly cooked or uncooked. 2.I understand that adopting a WFPB diet is a way of "beating our genes" that h...
224:Current events,Growth mindset v Genes,Corona-virus compliance, Inheritance
June 04, 2020 03:30 - 46 minutes - 42.3 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle briefly discusses the current events in the USA and then discusses these q's: 1. I come from a family of low lifes, junkies, and drug addicts. I was able to be the first in my family to get a college degree of any kind and would like to pursue a Phd. I am willing to believe this might be reaching on my part and I might fail, but it seems worthwhile to try. If I were to look at my genetics it makes me think I’m doomed to become a drug addict who accomplishes nothing....
223: Food vs drugs, Longevity, Dating market while aging, Is Lust a trap?
May 28, 2020 03:30 - 52 minutes - 48.3 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk discuss the following: 1. How does withdrawal and Tolerance In drug usage compare to eating foods with addictive properties in terms of trying to quit? For instance, Would planning a strict day and time for a specific portioned unhealthy meal once a week then after get straight back on the wagon aid in keeping tolerance low and cravings at bay? or is complete abstinence the key to lifelong success in ending the addiction? I’ve been trying for about 3 ...
222: Stats Update Coronavirus
May 21, 2020 03:30 - 48 minutes - 44.2 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle gives our audience an update and some reflection about the coronavirus pandemic. In true fashion, what was intended to be a few minutes of finalizing the coronavirus stats discussion followed by listener questions, ended up being an entire show about coronavirus stats & updates. Next show, we resume listener questions.
221: Lockdown changes & annoyance, Dealing w Burn out, How to Help a friend
May 14, 2020 03:30 - 52 minutes - 47.9 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle & Howk discuss these questions: 1. Do you see any big long term changes coming as a result of the shut down and isolation that will last more than a few months? Will this cause any long term evolutionary pressures for habit change or will we revert back to the same norms? 2.I'm disagreeable and fairly low conscientious and don't respond well to authority. If I get told to do something I don't want to do, it just makes me not want to do it even more. During the pand...
220: Tension w friends, Dealing with conflict, Mass hysteria, Self-esteem
May 07, 2020 03:30 - 53 minutes - 49.3 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk discuss the following questions: 1. HELP! Am I going to lose friends over the virus? Most of my friends are overwhelmed with fear and are just bossing everyone around. Seems like if I don't agree w/ their demands (i.e. wear a mask, even when outside and 6 feet apart) or if I don't show as much fear as they do, I get the strong impression that it could have a negative and permanent impact on the friendship. I've had to lie to my close friends and I don't...
219: Increasing your self-esteem & escaping the pleasure trap during Lockdown
April 30, 2020 03:30 - 50 minutes - 46.2 MBIn today's show, Dr. Howk and Nate discuss life during lockdown. Dr. Howk comments on those struggling to accomplish a particular task because the lockdown has disrupted their normal routine whether it's escaping the pleasure trap or other such tough task. We also discuss the psychology behind finding yourself delaying action on something important due to the disruptive effects of COVID-19.
218: New data, Coronarivus Part 6
April 23, 2020 03:30 - 1 hour - 56.4 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk discuss new data that has been released in the last week indicating an even more favorable direction.
217: Coronavirus Part 5, Math clarification
April 16, 2020 03:30 - 57 minutes - 52.3 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle & Dr. Howk clarify some of the data & math behind the coronavirus pandemic currently dominating government policy and news discussions.
216: Coronavirus Loneliness, Economy, Revolution, Bell Curves & Stereotypes
April 09, 2020 03:30 - 1 hour - 55 MBOn today's show, the Dr's discuss the ongoing coronavirus situation with some pointed questions regarding lockdown loneliness, the economy, libertarian angst during a pandemic, and the different responses of different countries as it pertains to personality differences.
215: Coronavirus with Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk
April 02, 2020 03:30 - 48 minutes - 44.6 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle and Dr. Howk wanted to make a video podcast so the audio has been uploaded here but you can watch it here: https://youtu.be/x40WWoUpeds
214: Coronavirus 2020 Part 2
March 26, 2020 03:30 - 1 hour - 58.3 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle & Dr. Howk continue the coronavirus pandemic discussion. Dr. Lisle is a former professor of statistics at Stanford University and he has analyzed the data on the coronavirus data coming out of the worldometers.info website. He shares his insight and interpretation with us. Dr. Howk's recent articles, "When Bad News is Good News" and 'Of Pandemics and Personaity" are also the topic of discussion in this show.
213: Coronavirus 2020
March 19, 2020 03:30 - 53 minutes - 49.2 MBIn today's show, Dr. Lisle & Dr. Howk discuss the coronavirus pandemic and what to consider when hearing news of this outbreak.
212: Being a therapist, Overcoming fears & anxieties
March 12, 2020 03:30 - 44 minutes - 40.5 MBIn today's show, the Dr's discuss the following questions: 1. Would you still recommend psychology as a career? I am interested in becoming a therapist, and your podcast has turned what I thought I knew on it's head and has completely changed the way I would want to go about my theoretical orientation. But now that it's so different, I feel like I am doubting everything. Could you talk a little about what it's like to be in the position of the therapist? I am looking for information to direc...
211: Neuroticism and IQ, Creating habits, Saving a post-affair marriage
March 05, 2020 04:30 - 59 minutes - 54.6 MBOn today's show, the Dr's answer these questions: 1. How does neuroticism interact with IQ? We've all been in situations where a reasonable point of view is met by a barrage of irritable insults. Are people whose emotions play such a major role able to reason in an abstract and measured way, or does high neuroticism knock off the equivalent of 10 or 20 IQ points? Has this ever been studied? 2. What are the uses and limits of trying to create habits? For example, I often try to establish patte...
210: Well-meaning organization getting off-course, Personality cancer
February 27, 2020 04:30 - 45 minutes - 41.5 MBIn today's show, Dr. Howk discusses the following questions: 1. I belong to a professional organization that has been working to root out genuine problems with racism, albeit in fits and starts. But lately it feels as though the tone has devolved from one of problem-solving to grievance-seeking and grievance-magnification. The communications have been hijacked by highly disagreeable and/or highly neurotic individuals, plus those who are gaining status as lead torchbearer. A few have said they...