Latest Avit Podcast Episodes
The erasure of topological defects and the saturation phenomenon
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 27, 2024 09:31 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsInteresting erasure phenomena arise from interactions between lower-dimensional and higher-dimensional objects and impact cosmology and fundamental physics. In the first part of the colloquium, I will examine the case for topological defects, revealing insights into the interactions of magnetic m...
Extreme Light and Quantum Fields
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratings2015 is the International Year of Light, and of its purposes is “to raise awareness of optical technologies”. One such technology, high-power lasers of the petawatt class and beyond, provides the most intense light sources created by humankind so far. The intensities and field strengths in questi...
Influence of the fermionic exchange symmetry in the 1-particle picture
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsIn a recent breakthrough, a complete set of constraints on fermionic occupation numbers, extending Pauli’s original exclusion principle, has been found. We provide an introduction into this new research field. In particular, we show that those generalized Pauli constraints are approximately satur...
Identifying the Time Scales in Electron-Positron Production from Ultra-Strong Electric Fields
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsElectron-positron pair production in ultra-strong electric fields, the Sauter-Schwinger effect, is a long-standing theoretical prediction. In this talk the Sauter-Schwinger effect will be introduced and the related field-strength and energy scales as well as the possibility to verify this effect ...
Hunting for the stochastic gravitational-wave background: Implications for astrophysics, high energy physics, and theories of gravity
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsI will first define the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) and highlight the method we are using to detect it in the presence of correlated magnetic noise. I will then discuss astrophysical (compact binary coalescences) and cosmological (cosmic strings, first-order phase transitions)...
How Much Structure Is Needed for Huge Quantum Speedups?
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsSommerfeld Theory Colloquium
How a physical system can be turned into a self-learning machine
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsMachine learning using artificial neural networks is revolutionizing many areas of science and technology. This increases the urgency for exploring alternatives to artificial neural networks running on digital hardware. These alternatives might eventually be faster and/or more power-efficient. Wi...
High order correlation and what we can learn about the solution for many body problems from experiment
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThe knowledge of all correlation functions of a system is equivalent to solving the corresponding quantum many-body problem. If one can identify the relevant degrees of freedom, the knowledge of a finite set of correlation functions is in many cases sufficient to determine a sufficiently accurate...
Higher-Spin Gravity and Higher Spin Black Holes in Three Dimensions
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThree-dimensional Einstein gravity has no local dynamical degree of freedom. Yet, it is far from being trivial when the cosmological constant is negative. (i) It admits black hole solutions. (ii) It easily allows for consistently interacting and tractable higher-spin extensions. (iii) It possesse...
Higher Spin --- CFT duality
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThe conjectured relation between higher spin theories on anti de-Sitter (AdS) spaces and weakly coupled conformal �field theories is reviewed. I shall then outline the evidence in favour of a concrete duality of this kind, relating a speci�c higher spin theory on AdS3 to a family of 2d minimal mo...
Harmony of Scattering Amplitudes and Form Factors
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsIn this seminar I will describe some of the hidden structures recently discovered in the scattering amplitudes of elementary particles, such as those measured at the Large Hadron Collider. These structures are responsible for the mysterious simplicity of these quantities, which is completely obsc...
Gone with the wind: The demise of protoplanetary discs and the birth of planets
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsProtoplanetary discs are natural consequence of star formation. These discs hold the left-over material from star formation, which constitutes the reservoir from which new planetary systems may form. The fate of a new planetary is then intimately linked to the evolution and final dispersal of the ...
Gauge Theories and Non-Commutative Geometry
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsWe shall review the attempts to extend the quantum mechanical property of non-commutativity from phase space to ordinary space. These attempts took a more precise form in the case of gauge theories for which some concrete results have been obtained. In flat space they amount to a reformulation of...
Functional renormalization group approach to correlated fermion systems
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThe functional renormalization group (RG) is an ideal tool for dealing with the diversity of energy scales and competition of instabilities in interacting fermion systems. Starting point is an exact flow equation which yields the gradual evolution from a microscopic model action to the effective ...
From materials science to basic physics
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsCondensed matter provides us deep insights into quantum physics. Giving just two examples, wave-corpuscle duality manifests itself in spectroscopy of strongly correlated systems as coexistence of itinerant and atomic-like features, and graphene and other Dirac materials provide a natural playgrou...
From Emergent Gravity to Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThe observed deviations from the laws of gravity of Newton and Einstein in galaxies and clusters can logically speaking be either due to the presence of unseen dark matter particles or due to a change in the way gravity works in these situations. Until recently there was little reason to doubt th...
From Bell's theorem to Quantum Networks
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThe question, whether a local, realistic theory can be a valid description of nature led to Bell's formulation of a clear cut experimental test. In spite of the many measurements performed and the numerous violation of Bell's inequality, all these tests relied on assumptions opening loopholes for...
Fantastic periods and where to find them
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsAfter a short introduction to the swampland program and the challenges one faces in explicit tests of some conjectures, this talk will focus on the computation of periods and their application to the swampland program. A detailed understanding of periods allows to answer questions about the exist...
Exact, Broken and Approximate Symmetries
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 56 minutes - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsSommerfeld Theory Colloquium
Ergodicity, Entanglement and Many-Body Quantum Dynamics in Localization
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsDo quantum many-body systems necessarily come to thermal equilibrium after a long enough time evolution? The conventional wisdom has long been that they do and that, in the process, any quantum information encoded in the initial state is lost irretrievably. Thus the dynamics of many-interacting p...
Entanglement in complex quantum systems: From quantum information to many-body systems and back
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsSommerfeld Theory Colloquium
Emergent cosmology from quantum gravity: the universe as a quantum condensate
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThe construction of a quantum theory of gravity remains an open problem despite decades of efforts. In time, the very perspective on this problem evolved. From quantising General Relativity, the goal is now mostly understood to be unraveling a more fundamental microstructure of spacetime, based o...
Emergence of geometry and meaning, through gauge and strings dynamics
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsI will discuss the statistical physics of random growth processes which, on the one hand, model the non-perturbative gauge dynamics, emergence of space geometry in string theory on the other, yet could also model the evolution of language(s).
Einstein and Quantum Mechanics: It's Not What You Think
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsEinstein is well known for his rejection of quantum mechanics in the form it emerged from the work of Heisenberg, Born and Schrodinger in 1926. Much less appreciated are the many seminal contributions he made to quantum theory prior to his �final scientifi�c verdict, that the theory was at best i...
Effects of electronic correlations in BaOsO3 and tetragonal CuO
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsStrongly correlated electron systems, i.e. systems where the interaction between electrons cannot be treated as an effective potential, are an extremely fascinating, but also very challenging topic in modern solid state physics. The challenge arises in parts due to the simultaneous importance of ...
Effects of Dark Matter linear in Interaction Strength
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 46 minutes - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsLow-mass boson dark matter particles produced after the Big Bang form a classical field and/or topological defects. Effects produced by the interaction of ordinary matter with dark matter may be first power in the underlying interaction strength rather than the second power. This may give a big a...
Deciphering the Beginning
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThe cosmic microwave background contains a wealth of information about cosmology as well as high energy physics. It tells us about the composition and geometry of the universe, the properties of neutrinos, dark matter, and even the conditions in our universe long before the cosmic microwave backg...
Critical Acceleration
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsIn collisions of ultra-intense laser-pulse with relativistic electrons as well as in ultra relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and at LHC it is possible to probe critical acceleration a=mc^3/hbar. The behavior of a particle undergoing critical acceleration challenges the limits of the curre...
Cosmology with Type Ia Supernovae: where do we stand today?
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThe role of Type Ia supernovae in observational cosmology has evolved from being ”avant-garde” in the early 1990’s until today’s mature status of precision cosmology. Several large transient surveys have been detecting supernovae routinely, near and far, with the aim of probing what is causing th...
Cosmological Symmetry Breaking as Origin of the Hot Early Universe
Sommerfeld Theory Colloquium (ASC) - June 26, 2024 15:30 - 1 hour - Video ★★★★★ - 2 ratingsThe decay of a false vacuum of unbroken B-L, the difference of baryon and lepton number, is an intriguing and testable mechanism to gen- erate the initial conditions of the hot early universe. If B-L is broken at the grand unification scale, the false vacuum phase yields hybrid inflation, ending ...
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