Read by Example

How to Become a Better Writing Teacher: A Conversation with Matt Glover

June 16, 2024 01:27 - 37 minutes - 25.9 MB

In this conversation, Matt Glover, former teacher and principal, now a full-time writer and consultant, and I discuss his book, How to Become a Better Writing Teacher, co-authored with Carl Anderson (Heinemann, 2024) Key Highlights from Conversation Author’s Background * Matt Glover's experience as a first-grade teacher, assistant principal, and principal of a large early childhood school. * Shifted interest towards teaching writing, influenced by colleagues and educational leaders like ...

Enhancing Writing Instruction: Insights from "How to Become a Better Writing Teacher"

May 25, 2024 15:17 - 33 minutes - 23.3 MB

In this engaging conversation with educators Vivian Chen, Debra Crouch, and Jared Kubota, we discuss the second half of How to Become a Better Writing Teacher by Carl Anderson and Matt Glover. The conversation revolves around practical insights, challenges, and strategies from the book that can transform writing instruction in classrooms. Key Discussion Points Book Selection and Initial Impressions * Matt shares why he selected this book for the discussion. * Guests discuss their initial...

Enhancing Writing Instruction: Insights from "How to Become a Better Writing Teacher"

May 25, 2024 15:17 - 33 minutes - 23.3 MB

In this engaging conversation with educators Vivian Chen, Debra Crouch, and Jared Kubota, we discuss the second half of How to Become a Better Writing Teacher by Carl Anderson and Matt Glover. The conversation revolves around practical insights, challenges, and strategies from the book that can transform writing instruction in classrooms. Key Discussion Points Book Selection and Initial Impressions * Matt shares why he selected this book for the discussion. * Guests discuss their initial...

Better Newsletters: How to Use ChatGPT to Support and Scaffold Your Writing

April 30, 2024 23:30 - 13 minutes - 12 MB

As a literacy leader, writing is a critical skill. * We need to frequently communicate our organization’s beliefs and values. * We avoid misunderstandings when what we share and post is clear. * If we expect our students and teachers to be writers… So where does one start? Consider employing ChatGPT as your writing assistant. In this video, you will see how this large language model (LLM) can: * Give you general writing ideas as a starting point. * Provide feedback on a first draft ...

How to Become a Better Writing Teacher #1

March 23, 2024 12:22 - 37 minutes - 25.7 MB

In this podcast, we delve into the world of writing instruction with Carl Anderson, co-author with Matt Glover of How to Become a Better Writing Teacher. Carl is the author of several acclaimed books including A Teacher's Guide to Writing Conferences and A Teacher's Guide to Mentor Texts K-5. Carl shares insights from his extensive experience working with schools and districts, discussing the importance of writing instruction and providing practical strategies for educators at all levels. ...

Bridging Literacy Leadership and Educational Justice: A Conversation with Michele Caracappa

February 24, 2024 22:50 - 28 minutes - 19.9 MB

Where does literacy leadership intersect with the quest for educational justice? In this thought-provoking conversation, I am joined by Michele Caracappa (Reading to Lead) and Debra Crouch (Made for Learning) as we delve into this vital topic. Michele, with her extensive background in education and leadership from New York City, shares insights from her journey of supporting literacy and educational justice. The conversation covers a range of subjects: * The impact of policies on literacy ...

Intentional Learning: Beyond Resolutions in Education

January 20, 2024 17:20 - 23 minutes - 16.3 MB

As the new year begins, Debra Crouch, Vivian Chen and I avoided the usual focus on resolutions in this professional conversation. Instead, we emphasized good intentions in our professional practice. Our discussion begins with a sharing of our current to-read lists, a mix of fiction and non-fiction books relevant to education, personal development, and broader societal issues. We then delved into the concept of transforming lessons into recipes, exploring the nuances of teaching methods...

Organizational Culture and Intelligent Failure: A Conversation with Isobel Stevenson

December 23, 2023 19:23 - 33 minutes - 22.8 MB

Read by Example is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support this space, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. On Monday, December 19, Debra Crouch and I spoke with Isobel Stevenson. Isobel is the author of The Coaching Letter, a newsletter that is about “organizational culture and intelligent failure”. She is also the author of multiple books, including Making Coaching Matter: Leading Continuous Improvement in Schools, with Sarah Woulfin and Kerry Lord (Teac...

Twitter Chats and Educational Dialogues: Inside the World of #G2Great

November 24, 2023 12:12 - 21 minutes - 14.8 MB

Ever since the advent of the Internet, professional development for educators has become more prominent online. Teachers and school leaders found a home in Twitter. It’s been a source of knowledge and a facilitator of long-lasting connections, even friendships. How can educators use this platform today for professional learning, especially with its current challenges? In my conversation with Dr. Mary Howard, author of RtI From All Sides and Good to Great Teaching (affiliate links), we tal...

The Heart-Centered Teacher: A Conversation with Regie Routman

October 28, 2023 14:08 - 25 minutes - 17.5 MB

In this conversation with Regie Routman, we explore her writing process that led to her new book The Heart-Centered Teacher: Restoring Hope, Joy, and Possibility in Uncertain Times (Routledge, 2023). I was interested in learning more about her purpose and intentions around this important book. Below are three questions I asked Regie. * The cracked plate, beautifully depicted on your book cover in a painting by Toby Gordon, is a powerful metaphor for navigating uncertain times. What felt tr...

Professional Conversation: Should teachers be required to submit lesson plans to their principal?

September 30, 2023 16:55 - 36 minutes - 25.1 MB

Read by Example is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts each week in your inbox, become a free or paid subscriber. For this article club, colleagues and I explored the following questions and more as we discussed Paul Emerich France’s article (ASCD Blog). * How can schools balance instructional transparency with teacher empowerment? * Is there a reasonable rationale for why principals can expect lesson plans to be submitted to them? * If teachers are expected to be leade...

3 Questions to Ask the Reader

July 21, 2023 15:20 - 30 minutes - 20.8 MB

In this episode, Gen Arcovio, Debra Crouch and I share what we are reading this summer for pleasure. * Gen Acorvio is a literacy trainer at the Lesley Reading Recovery & Literacy Collaborative (@Lesley_CRRLC). She is also the co-contributor for @LiteracyPages at https://literacypages.wordpress.com/. * Debra Crouch works nationally as an independent literacy consultant, collaborating with districts and schools in designing professional learning opportunities. She can be reached at https:...

The Science of Reading Movement and The Never-Ending Debate: A Conversation with Paul Thomas

June 24, 2023 18:03 - 47 minutes - 32.6 MB

How long have “the reading wars” been a part of the national education discourse? What are the recurring themes? What can 4K-12 practitioners do to engage in a dialogue that leads to a better understanding of effective literacy instruction? In this episode, Paul Thomas shares his findings about the science of reading movement and how educators can navigate this conversation. Paul, a professor at Furman University, is the author of the policy brief The Science of Reading Movement: The never...

Trusting Readers: A Conversation with Hannah Schneewind

May 27, 2023 12:38 - 35 minutes - 24.6 MB

“What is the goal of independent reading, and why does this goal so often get lost in instruction?” We asked this and other questions of Hannah Schneewind. She is the author along with Jennifer Scoggin of Trusting Readers: Powerful Practices for Independent Reading (Heinemann, 2021). We explored how to best use our limited classroom time, as well as how leaders can support this critical element of the literacy block. You can purchase Hannah’s book here. For a full transcript of this con...

Making sense of reading's forever wars

April 23, 2023 02:14 - 27 minutes - 18.6 MB

In this episode, Mary Howard, Debra Crouch and I speak with professors Michiko Hikida and Leah Durán, authors of the article “Making sense of reading’s forever wars” (Phi Delta Kappan, 2022). Leah Durán is an associate professor in the Department of Teaching, Learning, and Sociocultural Studies at the University of Arizona, Tucson. Michiko Hikida is an associate professor in the Department of Teaching and Learning at The Ohio State University, Columbus. They wrote this article to make the ...

Crossing the Bridge: A conversation with Terry Underwood about portfolio assessment

April 01, 2023 01:46 - 35 minutes - 24.4 MB

In this month’s podcast, I spoke with Terry Underwood about portfolio assessment in the context of literacy instruction. Terry is a former classroom teacher and a university professor. He is the author of Portfolio Practices: Lessons from Schools, District, and States with Sandra Murphy, and The Portfolio Project: A Study of Assessment, Instruction, and Middle School Reform. Terry writes frequently at Learning to Read, Reading to Learn, an online journal where he shares his current thinking...

The Science of Reading and the Media: A Conversation with Maren Aukerman

February 25, 2023 00:25 - 45 minutes - 21 MB

Several esteemed colleagues and I engaged in a question-and-answer session with Maren Aukerman around her three articles for the Literacy Research Association: * Part 1: The Science of Reading and the Media: Is Reporting Biased? * Part 2: The Science of Reading and the Media: Does the Media Draw on High-Quality Reading Research? * Part 3: The Science of Reading and the Media: How Do Current Reporting Patterns Cause Damage? Featured Guest Bio Dr. Maren Aukerman is a Werklund Research Pr...

The Science of Reading and the Media, Part 1

January 21, 2023 00:03 - 38 minutes - 17.7 MB

When it comes to the science of reading, asking who is right or who is wrong seems...wrong. A better question: "What do I believe, and how might I be wrong?" This is a response four educators and I considered as we discussed Maren Aukerman's article, "The Science of Reading and the Media: Is Reporting Biased?" (Literacy Research Association, 2022). Journalists who offer "simple stories" about how kids become readers can evoke strong feelings about the issue. Emotions such as anger or frust...

How to Teach Readers

December 17, 2022 01:51 - 54 minutes - 25 MB

This podcast episode is an audio recording from a recent conversation with Peter Afflerbach, author of Teaching Readers (Not Reading): Moving Beyond Skills and Strategies to Reader-Focused Instruction (Guilford, 2022). Several community members were able to join us and ask questions of Peter. We discussed a variety of topics related to his book, including: * Peter’s influences as a reader, teacher, and researcher * Paying attention to and appreciating the different factors for teaching re...

What's "true" within the science of reading movement?

November 19, 2022 01:13 - 33 minutes - 45.6 MB

In this special podcast for the Teaching Readers (Not Reading) book study, I discussed the first five chapters with literacy educators Belinda Whyte and Sally Rowlands. * Belinda is a resource teacher of literacy in Aotearoa, New Zealand. (twitter) * Sally is a retired teacher and works at the Department of Education in Tasmania. Three questions that guided our discussion: * How have you successfully integrated the different sciences when teaching readers? * What is it about the scienc...

One Science is Dependent on Another

October 29, 2022 00:41 - 12 minutes - 17.6 MB

In this special episode/post, I was joined by Sandy Brumbaum, Reading Recovery teacher leader and consultant, and Denise Johnson, a literacy professor at William & Mary, to kick off the book study for Teaching Readers (Not Reading): Moving Beyond Skills and Strategies to Reader-Focused Instruction by Peter Afflerbach (Guilford, 2022). In our conversation, we responded to and discussed three questions: * What are your greatest concerns about current trends and programs with teaching readers...

Literacy Leadership: A Conversation with Regie Routman and Colleagues

September 30, 2022 21:37 - 57 minutes - 79 MB

In this recorded conversation with Regie Routman and esteemed colleagues, we discussed: * Why trust is so important for schoolwide improvement * Why it is critical that leaders know literacy * How leaders can communicate feedback that is kind and useful This also closes out the four-week email course on instructional walks. Being a literacy leader has always been challenging. That’s why it’s important to come together as colleagues, to share, listen, and connect. We hope you find this d...

What I've learned since being diagnosed with ADHD

August 29, 2022 01:23 - 7 minutes - 10 MB

A couple of months ago, I was diagnosed with ADHD. Having some time to reflect on this change, I wanted to share a little bit from my experience, including: * How I was initially prompted to get an assessment, * Why I waited until I was 45 to do this, and * What I’ve learned so far. This is not a literacy or leadership post. But I do see ADHD impacting many kids and adults, which has an impact downstream on both areas. You can read what I shared in this audio on my website. Unrelated...

Leaders Need to Know Literacy

July 30, 2022 19:34 - 5 minutes - 7.88 MB

Below are five insights after I read ten thoughtful posts from contributors around my book, Leading Like a C.O.A.C.H. 1. Leaders need to know literacy. “Through a lifetime of working in schools, one of my most powerful insights and core beliefs is that teachers must be leaders, and principals must know literacy.” (pg. 1) - Regie Routman, Read, Write, Lead: Breakthrough Strategies for Schoolwide Literacy Success (ASCD, 2014) School leaders knowing literacy should go without saying. But a ...

Leading Like a C.O.A.C.H.: Competence as a Key for Creating Confidence and Building Trust in School Culture

June 29, 2022 22:58 - 4 minutes - 6.07 MB

The following is an adapted excerpt from my new book, Leading Like a C.O.A.C.H.: Five Strategies for Supporting Teaching and Learning (Corwin, 2022). Colleagues and I will be writing original posts to the book next month. Subscribe and join us! Think about the last business you went to for groceries, home supplies, or to purchase a gift for someone. Why did you shop there? We rarely think about these choices. But the likely reason is you trust the business to provide a quality product o...

Newsletter Update: A brief history of this space, plus the 2022 summer book study choice

June 01, 2022 03:53 - 4 minutes

Hello colleague, I wrote this post at my city’s local laundry mat. Our dryer decided to stop working on Memorial Day weekend. Perfect timing with our two teenagers navigating between friends’ houses, end-of-year school events, soccer games, and trail biking. The dirty clothes pile up quickly. Anyway, this is a good time to a) review what this space is about for new subscribers, and b) talk about the upcoming summer book study. This Space In 2012, I started a blog on Wordpress titled “Rea...

Podcast: A Conversation with Steve Barkley

April 16, 2022 22:06 - 28 minutes

I spoke with Steve Barkley, educational consultant and coach, for his podcast Steve Barkley Ponders Out Loud (found here). We discussed: * The importance of instructional leadership, * Balancing evaluation with professional learning, and * The five strategies from my book Leading Like a C.O.A.C.H. (Corwin, 2022). Thank you for listening! PODCAST TRANSCRIPT Steve [Intro]: 00:00 Hello, and welcome to the teacher edition of the Steve Barkley Ponders Out loud podcast. The complexity of te...

What do you mean by "best practice"?

March 19, 2022 15:41 - 5 minutes

This adapted excerpt from my new book, Leading Like a C.O.A.C.H., questions the tendency for educators to seek fail-safe instructional practices in a search for certainty. During a conversation I once had with a district administrator about adopting a scripted curriculum program, one of their arguments for the resource was that it was based on “best practice”. This stance invites resistance. Educational researcher Dr. Viviane Robinson notes that “appeals to adopt ‘best practice’ imply th...

Can a principal also be a coach? A conversation with Regie Routman

February 19, 2022 17:43 - 32 minutes

If you prefer to listen to my conversation with Regie Routman instead of watching it, here it is. We explored this question related to my new book, Leading Like a C.O.A.C.H., available through Corwin now (30% off through March). What people are saying about Leading Like a C.O.A.C.H. Matt Renwick is the principal we all wish we had and the one we all want to be. His ideas about walking alongside teachers to grow them in the same ways we want them to grow students are just-right advice. He ...

Leading Through Learning: Observing a Middle School Reading Lesson

January 28, 2022 12:00 - 2 minutes

In this excerpt from my book Leading Like a C.O.A.C.H., I described my experience observing a book club-style discussion via Zoom. I learn as much as anyone when I visit classrooms with a stance toward curiosity. Instructional walks offer a responsive and authentic approach to continuous professional development for all educators. This development includes principals. I have learned as much as my teachers have from my regular classroom visits. Until instructional walks became a priority, ...

How to Make Learning Stick

December 23, 2021 13:30 - 19 minutes

If we teach a skill or an idea, and students didn’t learn it, how do we respond? Often we lean on more time or individual/small group support. Yet if the problem is the instructional strategy itself, more of the same will not be helpful. A student may need something different that is more effective at meeting students’ current needs. This is where cognitive science can help. Bryan Goodwin, co-author of Learning That Sticks: A Brain-Based Model for K-12 Instructional Design and Delivery (A...

Cultivating Genius

November 27, 2021 23:08 - 20 minutes

What can we learn about literacy from our nation’s past? Dr. Gholdy Muhammad, author of Cultivating Genius: An Equity Framework for Culturally and Historically Responsive Literacy, shares her findings from her dissertation work on black literary societies and their relevance for today’s educators. In my conversation with Gholdy, we discussed: * her professional learning journey researching this important topic, * the four pursuits of this pedagogical framework teachers can follow, and *...

Learner-Centered Leadership

October 30, 2021 14:25 - 23 minutes

Leading schools in the 21st century can be overwhelming. More is being added to our plates while our resources and time feel depleted. In a highly complex world, a framework for leading schools is needed. Devin Vodicka, author of Learner-Centered Leadership, offers “A Blueprint for Transformational Change in Learning Communities.” We talk about this topic, including: * why trust is foundational, * how schools can see the whole child, and * why both teachers and students need to be empow...

How to Reduce Change to Increase Improvement

September 30, 2021 12:26 - 19 minutes

Communicating feedback to teachers is one of the most challenging aspects of leadership. How do we influence instruction in a positive way while maintaining trust and respecting teachers as professionals? Dr. Viviane Robinson, author of Reduce Change to Increase Improvement (Corwin, 2017), offers readers sound research and rich examples for supporting teaching and learning in all classrooms. In this episode, we discussed: * The difference between “change” and “improvement”, * Why feedback...

Making Curriculum Matter

August 28, 2021 12:15 - 22 minutes

How do we ensure all students can access the curriculum plus find it relevant and engaging? Angela Di Michele Lalor, author of Making Curriculum Matter: How to Build SEL, Equity, and Other Priorities into Daily Instruction, offers a guide for teachers and leaders to begin this work. In our conversation, we discuss: * Why it is important to prepare for an uncertain future, * The five lense for viewing our instructional plans, and * How purchasing curriculum resources is not enough. As A...

Cultivating Genius Book Discussion #2

July 31, 2021 22:33 - 23 minutes

We follow up on our previous conversation for Cultivating Genius: An Equity Framework for Culturally and Historically Responsive Literacy by Dr. Gholdy Muhammad, I am joined by contributors Gen Arcovio, Ryanne Deschane, Rhonda Precourt, and Carrie Thomas. We used the following three questions to guide our conversation: * What takeaways did you gain from this book? * What questions do you still have? * How have you changed after reading this book? This wraps up the book study. Thank you ...

Cultivating Genius Book Discussion #1

June 30, 2021 20:23 - 14 minutes

In this special episode, I am joined by Gen Arcovio and Rhonda Precourt in a conversation around this summer’s book study selection: Cultivating Genius: An Equity Framework for Culturally and Historically Responsive Literacy by Dr. Gholdy Muhammad. We used the following three questions to guide our conversation: * What resonated with you? * What surprised you? * What questions do you have? This kicks off the book study. We hope you can join us for the month of July as we read and respon...

Know the Story Before You Create the Story

May 29, 2021 15:59 - 17 minutes

Where do we start when striving for equity? What does this concept mean in everyday classrooms? How does a relevant curriculum lead to a more equitable education? I explore these questions with Dr. Chaunté Garrett, superintendent at Rocky Mount Preparatory School in North Carolina. She is an instructional leader with building- and district-level experience in transforming schools and leading students to high achievement levels. This episode offers practical ideas for any teacher or leade...

Writing Matters

May 01, 2021 02:04 - 21 minutes

In this special episode, recorded during our third and final writers group, we talked shop - writers workshop - with Tom Romano and Regie Routman. Tom is the author of several books on writing, including Write What Matters: For Yourself, For Others. Regie has also authored many professional literacy resources for educators, most recently Literacy Essentials: Engagement, Excellence, and Equity for All Learners. So get out your notebooks, settle in with a favorite beverage, and soak up the...

Teacher Supervision That Supports Professional Growth

March 26, 2021 11:49 - 29 minutes

It is no secret that some traditional teacher evaluation systems are less than effective in supporting professional growth. Faculty want feedback, and yet tired policies and lack of imagination can prevent leaders from seeing what is possible. Consider a different approach to this area of instructional leadership. Matt Cormier, an elementary principal in Jefferson County Public Schools in Colorado, takes more of a coaching stance to his work, including: * feedback that is focused on the fu...

Develop Fearless Learners: The Genius Hour Guidebook

February 27, 2021 14:44 - 15 minutes

What world are we preparing our students for? The future is difficult to predict, yet we are confident that a capacity for lifelong learning, including a willingness to take risks and make mistakes, will be essential. One approach to developing fearless learners is described in The Genius Hour Guidebook: Fostering Passion, Wonder, and Inquiry in the Classroom by Denise Krebs and Gallit Zvi. Both classroom teachers, Denise and Gallit share their experience in supporting students’ ideas and ...

Conversation is the Key to Professional Growth

January 29, 2021 12:19 - 22 minutes

Walkthrough forms and rubrics are tools we are sometimes pressed to use as leaders. Yet these tools do not facilitate teacher growth alone. It is the conversation between professionals, supported by classroom evidence, that actually leads to improvement. Justin Baeder, author of Now We’re Talking: 21 Days to High-Performance Instructional Leadership, gives leaders a clear pathway toward our shared goals. I recently had a conversation with Justin on the subject, including: * why dialogue is...

How Cris Tovani Uses Literacy Strategies to Engage Her Most Reluctant Students

December 29, 2020 16:50 - 22 minutes

Every teacher knows these students: the reluctant reader, the class clown, the resistant writer. Cris Tovani, author of Why Do I have to Read This? Literacy Stategies to Engage Our Most Reluctant Students, views these masks that kids wear as entry points into understanding who they are and then responding to their needs. In my conversation with Cris, we talk about: * developing a partnership approach to teaching and learning with our students, * planning literacy instruction long term so ...

Why Trust Matters More Than Ever: A Conversation with Megan Tschannen-Moran

November 25, 2020 00:51 - 26 minutes

Before you focus on collective efficacy or school climate, start with trust. Trust in school is not a simple concept. There are many facets to this construct: benevolent, open, honest, reliable, competent. And for trust to be fostered within an educational community, it needs an intentional effort by the leaders and teachers in the school. My conversation with Megan Tschannen-Moran, author of Trust Matters: Leadership for Successful Schools (Jossey-Bass, 2014) reveals why trust is so im...

Leading a School with Design Thinking: A Conversation with Jethro Jones

October 28, 2020 00:53

We experience daily challenges while leading in our school, yet what really is the problem? Do we understand it clearly enough? Whose perspective do we need to consider as we test ideas? Jethro Jones, author of SchoolX, provides a brief explanation on how leaders can apply design thinking within their positions to start to solve these vexing challenges. We also discuss the importance of professional networking as well as his Mastermind program for school leaders. Listen here or subscribe o...

How to Make Teacher Supervision and Evaluation Work with Rachael Gabriel and Sarah Woulfin

September 29, 2020 22:43 - 19 minutes

What counts as “good”? This question gets at the heart of engaging in productive conversations as we describe effective literacy instruction. We explore that inquiry in this episode with Rachael Gabriel and Sarah Woulfin, authors of Making Teacher Evaluation Work: A Guide for Literacy Teachers and Leaders (Heinemann, 2017). During our conversation, we discussed: * why people get stuck on singular definitions for anything in education, * how we can use our mismatches between beliefs and p...

What Kids Offer to Us: A Conversation with Brian Cambourne and Debra Crouch, authors of Made for Learning

August 25, 2020 22:07 - 27 minutes

All students are made for learning. What they bring to our classrooms should be valued as entry points for instruction and even beyond. It is the teacher who co-constructs and sustains the environment to help make this possible. In this episode, I talk with Brian Cambourne and Debra Crouch, the authors of Made for Learning: How the Conditions of Learning Guide Teaching Decisions, about: * How they define engagement, * How teacher language is critical for creating these environments, and ...

What's Safe Enough to Try? A Conversation with Anthony Kim, author of The New School Rules

July 27, 2020 14:29 - 14 minutes

To operate in an uncertain world, it is essential to have practical guides and sound processes. In this episode, I talk with Anthony Kim, co-author of The New School Rules: 6 Vital Practices for Thriving and Responsive Schools (Corwin, 2018), about our current challenges and how leaders might respond. * We unpack the question, “What’s safe enough to try?” * We reinforce the need for a common language. * We consider who is needed for decision-making and how this process is communicated. ...

Jackie Witter-Easley on Capturing Literacy Moments

June 30, 2020 22:08 - 21 minutes

We have more time in the school day to engage in authentic literacy experiences than we think. Transitions, snack breaks, and walking in the hallways can all offer opportunities for brief yet effective interactions around text and with each other. In this episode of the Read by Example podcast, Dr. Jackie Witter Easley shares how educators can capture these literacy moments. She offers specific strategies, such as: * setting up the classroom environment to invite students to notice and won...

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