56.[✐2] まで？までに？ --- until? by?

〜まで(until, up to)？ 〜までに(by)？

“I want to get married by the age of 40.”

[まで(made) is often used in conjunction with verbs which represent the time width(duration), such as ”is”, “continue, “wait, “work”, “rest",  and so on. までに(madeni) indicates the time limit by which an action should be done, most of the time followed by verbs such as “return”, “finish”, “submit”, “marry” etc.]

[00:08]

Good morning, everyone.  We practice “made” and “made ni” today.

[00: 15]

What’s the difference between; “raigetsu made hon wo karimasu”  and “raigetsu madeni hon wo karimasu”?

[00:24]

The first one: “raigetsu made hon wo karimasu” is ”I will borrow and keep the book until next month. Here we are talking about the duration.

[00:37]

Meanwhile,”madeni” indicates the time limit.  Therefore “raigetsu madeni hon wo karimasu” implies I haven’t borrowed a book yet, and I will borrow a book by next month.

[00:54]

Let’s start with “made”.

Repeat after me

[00:59]

1.  Until what time is your work (Until what time do you work)?

2.  My work is (I work) until 5 pm.

3.  I work from 9 am to 5 pm.

4.  Lunch (time) is from 12 am to 1 pm.

5.  There is (I have no) break until 3 pm.

[02:04]

Now, listen to the key words first.  Then repeat the sentence.

[02:10]

For example,

[KW] Test, 2 pm till 3 pm

→ The test is from 2 pm to/till 3 pm.

Ready？

[01:21]

1.   [KW] work, Friday, off

→ Work is (I’m) off until Friday.

2.  [KW] 8 pm, online meeting

→ I had (There was) an online meeting until 8 pm.

3.  [KW] father, 70 years old

→ My father worked until 70 years old.

4.  [KW] it’s  your turn, wait here

→ Untill it’s your turn, please wait here.

5.  [KW] Mori san, until a while ago, was

→ Mori san was here until a while ago.

[04:03]

Dialogue

A: Justin san, you have a business trip to Canada from tomorrow, don’t you?  When are you coming back?

B: I have meetings until next Tuesday, so I will be back on Wednesday’s flight.

★★★★★
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Note: English translations might sound occasionally unnatural as English, as I try to preserve the structure and essence of the original Japanese. I hope it also helps you to capture the pattern of the sentence structure.

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