How to Fix Democracy
201 episodes - English - Latest episode: 24 days ago - ★★★★★ - 18 ratingsSince its origins, democracy has been a work in progress. Today, many question its resilience.
How to Fix Democracy, a collaboration of the Bertelsmann Foundation and Humanity in Action, explores practical solutions for how to address the increasing threats democracy faces. Host Andrew Keen interviews prominent international thinkers and practitioners of democracy.
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Episodes
No Nostalgia | Featuring Jan Sowa
November 20, 2020 16:52 - 27 minutes - 38.5 MBNo Nostalgia Jan Sowa is an Associate Professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, Poland. In this interview, he explains the Marxist view of capitalism as more than an economic system. The social and cultural aspects of a capitalist system are just as important and have shaped democracy in the modern era. In Sowa’s view, democracy must continue to develop beyond its current structures and practices to incorporate new ideas for better representation.
Laboratories of Democracy | Featuring Anne-Marie Slaughter
November 10, 2020 13:59 - 26 minutes - 36 MBLaboratories of Democracy Anne-Marie Slaughter is the CEO of New America, a think tank in Washington, DC. In this interview, she discusses with host Andrew Keen possible structural changes to American democracy, including adopting ranked-choice voting and re-thinking campaign finance. She argues that capitalism--it’s ethos and influence--has infected the political process. American politicians have taken on capitalist forces before, Slaughter argues, but it will take major political coope...
Anne-Marie Slaughter
November 10, 2020 13:59 - 26 minutes - 36 MBLaboratories of democracy | Anne-Marie Slaughter is the CEO of New America, a think tank in Washington, DC. In this interview, she discusses with host Andrew Keen possible structural changes to American democracy, including adopting ranked-choice voting and re-thinking campaign finance. She argues that capitalism--it’s ethos and influence--has infected the political process. American politicians have taken on capitalist forces before, Slaughter argues, but it will take major political cooper...
Crisis of Confidence | Featuring Ian Bassin
October 27, 2020 12:48 - 28 minutes - 39.1 MBCrisis of Confidence Ian Bassin is the Co-founder and Executive Director of Protect Democracy, a non-profit created to fight threats to democracy in America. Bassin explains some of the factors eroding liberal democracy in the United States, including economic causes. From tackling voter suppression and checks and balances in the federal government, this interview covers a wide range of challenges to healthy democracy in the United States.
Ian Bassin
October 27, 2020 12:48 - 28 minutes - 39.1 MBCrisis of confidence | Ian Bassin is the Co-founder and Executive Director of Protect Democracy, a non-profit created to fight threats to democracy in America. Bassin explains some of the factors eroding liberal democracy in the United States, including economic causes. From tackling voter suppression and checks and balances in the federal government, this interview covers a wide range of challenges to healthy democracy in the United States.
Economics Rife with Anger | Featuring Mark Blyth
October 13, 2020 16:15 - 28 minutes - 39.8 MBMark Blyth is William R. Rhodes Professor of International Economics at Brown University. In this interview, he discusses how our economics are rife with anger and frustration. Blyth’s “angry-nomics” emerged from financial crises and a decline in social institutions, like unions, that give people feelings of stability and control. In this frank discussion of the conflicts between our economics and politics, Blyth offers several concrete recommendations to get capitalism to work for democracy...
Mark Blyth
October 13, 2020 16:15 - 28 minutes - 39.8 MBMark Blyth is William R. Rhodes Professor of International Economics at Brown University. In this interview, he discusses how our economics are rife with anger and frustration. Blyth’s “angry-nomics” emerged from financial crises and a decline in social institutions, like unions, that give people feelings of stability and control. In this frank discussion of the conflicts between our economics and politics, Blyth offers several concrete recommendations to get capitalism to work for democracy...
Peniel Joseph
October 01, 2020 09:37 - 24 minutes - 33.9 MBPolitical power without capital? | Peniel Joseph, Professor of Public Affairs and Barbara Jordan Chair in Ethics and Political Values at the University of Texas at Austin, explains the critical views of capitalism that emerged in the American Civil Rights movement. Major figures in this movement, like Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Stokely Carmichael, explored social democratic and socialist political ideas when trying to find a path to equal rights in America. Moving beyond these ear...
Political Power without Capital | Peniel Joseph
October 01, 2020 09:37 - 24 minutes - 33.9 MBPolitical Power without Capital? Peniel Joseph, Professor of Public Affairs and Barbara Jordan Chair in Ethics and Political Values at the University of Texas at Austin, explains the critical views of capitalism that emerged in the American Civil Rights movement. Major figures in this movement, like Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Stokely Carmichael, explored social democratic and socialist political ideas when trying to find a path to equal rights in America. Moving beyond these ear...
Listening to Other | Featuring Arlie Hochschild
September 16, 2020 14:54 - 22 minutes - 30.5 MBListening to Others Arlie Hochschild is Professor Emerita of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. Her recent work deals with the rise of the American far-right. Her book, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right, was built on interviews with Tea Party supporters in Louisiana. For Hochschild, it is important to understand the feelings behind political views, though listening and feeling empathy does not imply agreement. If Americans are to reconc...
Arlie Hochschild
September 16, 2020 14:54 - 22 minutes - 30.5 MBListening to others | Arlie Hochschild is Professor Emerita of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. Her recent work deals with the rise of the American far-right. Her book, Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right, was built on interviews with Tea Party supporters in Louisiana. For Hochschild, it is important to understand the feelings behind political views, though listening and feeling empathy does not imply agreement. If Americans are to reconc...
Winner Take All | Featuring Robert H. Frank
September 01, 2020 07:07 - 20 minutes - 28.9 MBWinner Takes All Robert H. Frank is the Henrietta Johnson Louis Professor of Management Emeritus at Cornell University’s SC Johnson Graduate School of Management. What does a winner take all ethos in capitalism mean for democracy? Robert Frank discusses with Andrew Keen what the concentration of wealth amongst the best of the best and the sinking top tax rates means for conceptions of equality and fairness in America. Understanding this is essential to understanding the disconnect between...
Robert H. Frank
September 01, 2020 07:07 - 20 minutes - 28.9 MBWinner take all | Robert H. Frank is the Henrietta Johnson Louis Professor of Management Emeritus at Cornell University’s SC Johnson Graduate School of Management. What does a winner take all ethos in capitalism mean for democracy? Robert Frank discusses with Andrew Keen what the concentration of wealth amongst the best of the best and the sinking top tax rates means for conceptions of equality and fairness in America. Understanding this is essential to understanding the disconnect between p...
Four Horsemen of Leveling | Featuring Walter Scheidel
August 18, 2020 08:04 - 24 minutes - 33.4 MBFour Horsemen of Leveling Walter Scheidel is the Dickason Professor in the Humanities, Professor of Classics and History, and the Catherine R. Kennedy and Daniel L. Grossman Fellow in Human Biology at Stanford University. Scheidel specializes in the history of economic inequality, and his book The Great Leveler examines what forces have reduced economic inequality throughout history. Politicians and governments are often tasked with dealing with economic inequality today, but in reality, S...
Walter Scheidel
August 18, 2020 08:04 - 24 minutes - 33.4 MBFour horsemen of leveling | Walter Scheidel is the Dickason Professor in the Humanities, Professor of Classics and History, and the Catherine R. Kennedy and Daniel L. Grossman Fellow in Human Biology at Stanford University. Scheidel specializes in the history of economic inequality, and his book The Great Leveler examines what forces have reduced economic inequality throughout history. Politicians and governments are often tasked with dealing with economic inequality today, but in reality, S...
Maya MacGuineas
August 04, 2020 15:41 - 26 minutes - 36.6 MBThis is when you want deficits | Maya MacGuineas is the president of the bipartisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget and an expert on budget, tax, and economic policy. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, they discuss the economic threats to democracy in America, in particular the loss of trust in our institutions and in the very system of capitalism. At the core of this loss of trust is growing economic inequality. Can capitalism be reformed to reduce economic inequalities an...
This Is When You Want Deficits | Featuring Maya MacGuineas
August 04, 2020 15:41 - 26 minutes - 36.6 MBThis Is When You Want Deficits Maya MacGuineas is the president of the bipartisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget and an expert on budget, tax, and economic policy. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, they discuss the economic threats to democracy in America, in particular the loss of trust in our institutions and in the very system of capitalism. At the core of this loss of trust is growing economic inequality. Can capitalism be reformed to reduce economic inequalities an...
System Attrition | Featuring Adam Tooze
July 21, 2020 09:01 - 26 minutes - 36.2 MBSystem Attrition Adam Tooze is Director of the European Institute & Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of History at Columbia University. In this interview with Andrew Keen, he discusses the past relationship between capitalism and liberal democracy and how the development of the two went hand-in-hand in the modern era towards a high-point, in large part due to the wars of the 20th century. Our crises today are also formative, but not in the same way as back then, Tooze argues. It i...
Adam Tooze
July 21, 2020 09:01 - 26 minutes - 36.2 MBSystem attrition | Adam Tooze is Director of the European Institute & Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of History at Columbia University. In this interview with Andrew Keen, he discusses the past relationship between capitalism and liberal democracy and how the development of the two went hand-in-hand in the modern era towards a high-point, in large part due to the wars of the 20th century. Our crises today are also formative, but not in the same way as back then, Tooze argues. It i...
Stephanie Kelton
July 07, 2020 09:13 - 25 minutes - 34.9 MBDescribing the deficit | Stephanie Kelton is a Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Stony Brook University focusing on monetary policy and public finance. In this interview, she explains modern monetary theory (MMT) and clarifies some of the myths surrounding spending deficits, especially concerning the U.S. federal government’s massive debt. MMT is a change in the way the government explains its deficit, Kelton says, and is important for politically justifying big expenditures. When ...
Describing the Deficit | Stephanie Kelton
July 07, 2020 09:13 - 25 minutes - 34.9 MBDescribing the Deficit Stephanie Kelton is a Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Stony Brook University focusing on monetary policy and public finance. In this interview, she explains modern monetary theory (MMT) and clarifies some of the myths surrounding spending deficits, especially concerning the U.S. federal government’s massive debt. MMT is a change in the way the government explains its deficit, Kelton says, and is important for politically justifying big expenditures. When ...
Us Later, Not Me Now | Featuring Rebecca Henderson
June 24, 2020 08:39 - 25 minutes - 34.5 MBUs Later, Not Me Now Rebecca Henderson is the John and Natty McArthur University Professor at Harvard University Business School. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, she explains how she has been re-imagining capitalism. Free markets, Professor Henderson argues, need to be balanced with free politics, mirroring what many others in How to Fix Democracy Season 2 have identified as a core linkage between unhealthy capitalism and damaging politics. There’s an immediacy and selfishness in...
Rebecca Henderson
June 24, 2020 08:39 - 25 minutes - 34.5 MBUs later, not me now | Rebecca Henderson is the John and Natty McArthur University Professor at Harvard University Business School. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, she explains how she has been re-imagining capitalism. Free markets, Professor Henderson argues, need to be balanced with free politics, mirroring what many others in How to Fix Democracy Season 2 have identified as a core linkage between unhealthy capitalism and damaging politics. There’s an immediacy and selfishness in...
Gabriel Zucman
June 19, 2020 14:58 - 28 minutes - 39.3 MBAll about taxes | Gabriel Zucman is an Associate Professor of Economics and Director of the Stone Center on Wealth and Income Inequality at the University of California, Berkeley. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, Professor Zucman discusses issues of taxation and tax havens. According to Professor Zucman, a major problem within free market capitalism is tax avoidance. He argues that in a globalized economy there should be new tools to ensure companies pay taxes where they make their ...
All About Taxes | Featuring Gabriel Zucman
June 19, 2020 14:58 - 28 minutes - 39.3 MBAll About Taxes Gabriel Zucman is an Associate Professor of Economics and Director of the Stone Center on Wealth and Income Inequality at the University of California, Berkeley. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, Professor Zucman discusses issues of taxation and tax havens. According to Professor Zucman, a major problem within free market capitalism is tax avoidance. He argues that in a globalized economy there should be new tools to ensure companies pay taxes where they make their...
Redistribute Productivity | Featuring Sir Paul Collier
June 09, 2020 11:35 - 31 minutes - 42.7 MBRedistribute Productivity Sir Paul Collier is Professor of Economics and Public Policy at the Blavatnik School of Government and a Professorial Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford University. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, Sir Paul Collier explains why he thinks the biggest problem of capitalism in the last two centuries in the US and UK has been the concentration of moral load-bearing. While in the past, derailments of capitalism have been remedied by families and firms, alo...
Sir Paul Collier
June 09, 2020 11:35 - 31 minutes - 42.7 MBRedistribute productivity | Sir Paul Collier is Professor of Economics and Public Policy at the Blavatnik School of Government and a Professorial Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford University. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, Sir Paul Collier explains why he thinks the biggest problem of capitalism in the last two centuries in the US and UK has been the concentration of moral load-bearing. While in the past, derailments of capitalism have been remedied by families and firms, alon...
Individual Choice | Featuring Gideon Rachman
June 05, 2020 16:52 - 25 minutes - 34.8 MBIndividual Choice Gideon Rachman is the chief foreign affairs columnist for the Financial Times. He was previously at the Economist for fifteen years, during which time he was a foreign correspondent in Brussels, Washington, and Bangkok, and editor of the business and Asia sections. In this interview with Andrew Keen, Rachman discusses how globalization has deepened conflict between capitalism and democracy. Individual choice is at the core of both capitalism and democracy, and so the two...
Gideon Rachman
June 05, 2020 16:52 - 25 minutes - 34.8 MBIndividual choice | Gideon Rachman is the chief foreign affairs columnist for the Financial Times. He was previously at the Economist for fifteen years, during which time he was a foreign correspondent in Brussels, Washington, and Bangkok, and editor of the business and Asia sections. In this interview with Andrew Keen, Rachman discusses how globalization has deepened conflict between capitalism and democracy. Individual choice is at the core of both capitalism and democracy, and so the two ...
Reform and Revolution | Featuring Richard D. Wolff
May 26, 2020 17:15 - 26 minutes - 36.9 MBReform and Revolution Richard D. Wolff is Professor of Economics Emeritus, University of Massachusetts, Amherst and a Visiting Professor in the Graduate Program in International Affairs of the New School University, New York City. In this interview, host Andrew Keen and Professor Wolff discuss the definition of capitalism from the Marxist perspective. When the system of capitalism experiences dire crises, Wolff argues, it has been natural to question the nature of the system itself, just a...
Richard D. Wolff
May 26, 2020 17:15 - 26 minutes - 36.9 MBRichard D. Wolff is Professor of Economics Emeritus, University of Massachusetts, Amherst and a Visiting Professor in the Graduate Program in International Affairs of the New School University, New York City. In this interview, host Andrew Keen and Professor Wolff discuss the definition of capitalism from the Marxist perspective. When the system of capitalism experiences dire crises, Wolff argues, it has been natural to question the nature of the system itself, just as the financial crises o...
Capitalism and the Health of Democracy | Helen Thompson
May 22, 2020 15:33 - 24 minutes - 33.5 MBHelen Thompson, Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge, talks with host Andrew Keen about the impact capitalism has on the health of democracy. Both are powerful forces, she says, and are closely linked to such an extent that a crisis in one seemingly always leads to a crisis in the other. Historically it was naïve, she argues, to assume that democratic states would continue to strengthen during globalization, and we are now dealing with the consequences.
Helen Thompson
May 22, 2020 15:33 - 24 minutes - 33.5 MBHelen Thompson, Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge, talks with host Andrew Keen about the impact capitalism has on the health of democracy. Both are powerful forces, she says, and are closely linked to such an extent that a crisis in one seemingly always leads to a crisis in the other. Historically it was naïve, she argues, to assume that democratic states would continue to strengthen during globalization, and we are now dealing with the consequences.
Amity Shlaes
May 12, 2020 13:05 - 18 minutes - 24.9 MBAmity Shlaes is a best-selling author, Chair of the Calvin Coolidge Presidential Foundation, and Presidential Scholar at The King’s College in New York City. Her most recent book Great Society: A New History, presents a critical view of President Lyndon Johnson’s campaign to expand the social safety net and reduce poverty in the United States in the 1960s. Shlaes argues in this interview with Andrew Keen, our first remote interview of the series, that government intervention is not how the U...
Buying into America | Featuring Amity Shlaes
May 12, 2020 13:05 - 18 minutes - 24.9 MBAmity Shlaes is a best-selling author, Chair of the Calvin Coolidge Presidential Foundation, and Presidential Scholar at The King’s College in New York City. Her most recent book Great Society: A New History, presents a critical view of President Lyndon Johnson’s campaign to expand the social safety net and reduce poverty in the United States in the 1960s. Shlaes argues in this interview with Andrew Keen, our first remote interview of the series, that government intervention is not how the U...
Concentrations of Power | Featuring Sarah Miller
April 28, 2020 12:48 - 25 minutes - 34.6 MBSarah Miller, Executive Director of the American Economic Liberties Project, talks with host Andrew Keen about trust-busting. From the Gilded Age and the New Deal to the present day, their discussion touches upon how capitalism has been met with regulation over the last century. Miller argues that now is the time once again to revisit such measures as power, both economic and political, is concentrating in the hands of the few, thereby posing a threat to the health of American democracy.
Sarah Miller
April 28, 2020 12:48 - 25 minutes - 34.6 MBSarah Miller, Executive Director of the American Economic Liberties Project, talks with host Andrew Keen about trust-busting. From the Gilded Age and the New Deal to the present day, their discussion touches upon how capitalism has been met with regulation over the last century. Miller argues that now is the time once again to revisit such measures as power, both economic and political, is concentrating in the hands of the few, thereby posing a threat to the health of American democracy.
Democracy, Markets, and Healthcare | Featuring Sir Angus Deaton
April 14, 2020 18:36 - 27 minutes - 38.4 MBIn this episode, host Andrew Keen sits down with distinguished economist, Sir Angus Deaton, the Dwight D. Eisenhower Professor of International Affairs, Emeritus, Professor of Economics and International Affairs, Emeritus, and Senior Scholar at Princeton University. Sir Angus Deaton, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2015 for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare, discusses why capitalism is no longer delivering happiness and quality of life for working class people...
Sir Angus Deaton
April 14, 2020 18:36 - 27 minutes - 38.4 MBIn this episode, host Andrew Keen sits down with distinguished economist, Sir Angus Deaton, the Dwight D. Eisenhower Professor of International Affairs, Emeritus, Professor of Economics and International Affairs, Emeritus, and Senior Scholar at Princeton University. Sir Angus Deaton, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2015 for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare, discusses why capitalism is no longer delivering happiness and quality of life for working class people...
Raghuram Rajan
March 31, 2020 13:02 - 21 minutes - 30.2 MBRaghuram Rajan is the Katherine Dusak Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Previously, he was the 23rd Governor of the Reserve Bank of India and the Chief Economist at the IMF. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, Rajan calls capitalism today an uneven playing field that doesn’t efficiently skill people to meet the needs of the economy. This leads to unequal access to good jobs and growing income inequality. As a result...
Uneven Playing Field | Featuring Raghuram Rajan
March 31, 2020 13:02 - 21 minutes - 30.2 MBRaghuram Rajan is the Katherine Dusak Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Previously, he was the 23rd Governor of the Reserve Bank of India and the Chief Economist at the IMF. In this interview, hosted by Andrew Keen, Rajan calls capitalism today an uneven playing field that doesn’t efficiently skill people to meet the needs of the economy. This leads to unequal access to good jobs and growing income inequality. As a result...
Branko Milanovic
March 17, 2020 14:00 - 28 minutes - 38.5 MBPresidential Scholar at CUNY and author of Capitalism, Alone, Branko Milanovic kicks off the second season of How to Fix Democracy. He discusses elements of different capitalistic systems, such as in the United States and Denmark, and rejects the commonly held assumption that people universally value freedom over economic prosperity.
Why We Can't All Be Denmark | Featuring Branko Milanovic
March 17, 2020 14:00 - 28 minutes - 38.5 MBPresidential Scholar at CUNY and author of Capitalism, Alone, Branko Milanovic kicks off the second season of How to Fix Democracy. He discusses elements of different capitalistic systems, such as in the United States and Denmark, and rejects the commonly held assumption that people universally value freedom over economic prosperity.
Democracy: It’s the Only Way to Preserve Freedom | Featuring Larry Diamond
December 20, 2019 13:30 - 20 minutes - 28.4 MBConsidered one of the world’s leading experts on democracy, Larry Diamond, senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, believes democracy worldwide is in a recession. The crisis is “bad, deepening, accelerating,” but he suggests several steps we can take to reverse the trend, such as ranked choice voting to tackle the two-party system, and spreading “motor voter” laws to increase the number of registered voters. For Diamond, democracy is the only political system that can pres...
"Fed or Free" is a False Choice| Featuring Annika Savill
December 06, 2019 13:30 - 17 minutes - 24.2 MBAnnika Savill, Executive Head of the UN Democracy Fund admits that the word “democracy” doesn’t appear anywhere in the UN charter, but finds it exists in the demands of people everywhere who are working to hold their governments accountable. She tells Andrew Keen that, as a former journalist, she is passionate about facts and worried about clickbait and “tidbits of information without verification.” She also offers the concept of “citizens’ assemblies” as an alternative for referenda, and mu...
Annika Savill
December 06, 2019 13:30 - 17 minutes - 24.2 MBAnnika Savill, Executive Head of the UN Democracy Fund admits that the word “democracy” doesn’t appear anywhere in the UN charter, but finds it exists in the demands of people everywhere who are working to hold their governments accountable. She tells Andrew Keen that, as a former journalist, she is passionate about facts and worried about clickbait and “tidbits of information without verification.” She also offers the concept of “citizens’ assemblies” as an alternative for referenda, and mu...
Richard Stengel
November 25, 2019 14:41 - 19 minutes - 26.3 MBPrior to the 2016 election, Richard Stengel, former managing editor of Time magazine, witnessed the rise of disinformation firsthand from his position as Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. He believes that consuming media with caution could be a powerful antidote to efforts to deceive us, and is skeptical that governments attempting to “counter” disinformation on social media platforms is the correct approach. From the limits of free speech laws to legislation...
What is Local is Global |Featuring Richard Stengel
November 25, 2019 14:41 - 19 minutes - 26.3 MBPrior to the 2016 election, Richard Stengel, former managing editor of Time magazine, witnessed the rise of disinformation firsthand from his position as Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. He believes that consuming media with caution could be a powerful antidote to efforts to deceive us, and is skeptical that governments attempting to “counter” disinformation on social media platforms is the correct approach. From the limits of free speech laws to legislation...
The Art of Listening | Featuring Leon Botstein
November 08, 2019 17:39 - 22 minutes - 30.5 MBLeon Botstein, music director and conductor, scholar, and president of Bard College in upstate New York, had once thought that the Berlin Wall would never come down. And he found the revolutions surrounding 1989 “frightening” because they could lead to the ascent of unregulated capitalism and the release of suppressed nationalism. Botstein explains that democracy “is harder than people expected” and worries that we are spending too much time staring at our smartphones and “mesmerized by noth...
Leon Botstein
November 08, 2019 17:39 - 22 minutes - 30.5 MBLeon Botstein, music director and conductor, scholar, and president of Bard College in upstate New York, had once thought that the Berlin Wall would never come down. And he found the revolutions surrounding 1989 “frightening” because they could lead to the ascent of unregulated capitalism and the release of suppressed nationalism. Botstein explains that democracy “is harder than people expected” and worries that we are spending too much time staring at our smartphones and “mesmerized by noth...