Opinion Science
157 episodes - English - Latest episode: 8 days ago - ★★★★★ - 33 ratingsA show about the psychology of opinions, where they come from, and how they change. Interviews with experts and deep dives into areas of research uncover the basic psychology of persuasion, communication, and public opinion. Hosted by social psychologist, Andy Luttrell.
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Episodes
#95: Marketing Across Cultures with Aaron Barnes
April 22, 2024 04:00 - 1 hour - 42.6 MBAaron Barnes is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University of Louisville College of Business. He studies how persuasion, branding, and consumer–brand relationships differ between cultures. In our conversation, we talk about Aaron's story and some of his research on how the influence of calling a product "top-rated" versus "best-selling" depends on culture (Barnes & Shavitt, 2024). For a transcript of this episode, visit this episode's page at: http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/ep...
#94: Bringing Behavioral Science to Government with David Halpern
April 08, 2024 04:00 - 50 minutes - 34.7 MBDavid Halpern is the President & Founding Director of the Behavioral Insights Team. It started as a "nudge unit" in the British government but has gone on to become its own company with offices around the world. We talked to David in 2021 when we were gathering interviews for our podcast series, They Thought We Were Ridiculous: The Unlikely Story of Behavioral Economics. But he had a lot of great insight on the role of behavioral science in public policy, so I wanted to share our full conver...
#93: A Life in Behavioral Science with Daniel Kahneman
April 01, 2024 04:00 - 1 hour - 44.8 MBDaniel Kahneman was a titan in social science. He transformed our understanding of decision-making, he taught a generation about social psychology, he won a Nobel prize. It's hard to overstate his influence. He passed away last week, and the field is mourning the loss. Along with the hosts of the podcast Behavioral Grooves, I interviewed Kahneman back in 2021, and we used that interview as a foundation of our podcast series, "They Thought We Were Ridiculous: The Unlikely Story of Behavioral ...
#92: Can We Fix Social Media? with Andy Guess
March 25, 2024 04:00 - 59 minutes - 41 MBAndy Guess studies how social media platforms shape people’s political views. He’s an assistant professor of politics and public affairs at Princeton University. Last summer, he was part of a big team that released four papers on their analyses and experiments in social media all at the same time. The research was in collaboration with Meta, the company responsible for Facebook and Instagram. Andy and the team were able to dissect how often people on these platforms are exposed to politica...
#91: Being a Social Science Maverick with Sendhil Mullainathan
March 11, 2024 04:00 - 1 hour - 49.6 MBSendhil Mullainathan does a lot of things, and he does them well. He’s a professor of Computation and Behavioral Science at the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business. I originally talked to Sendhil for our podcast series, They Thought We Were Ridiculous. He was well-positioned to give his perspective on a contentious, interdisciplinary field of social science called “behavioral economics.” But nowadays, behavioral economics is mainstream, but Sendhil has continued to study big que...
"...Ridiculous" Ep. 5: The Future!
February 26, 2024 09:00 - 37 minutes - 26.1 MBTo look into the future of Behavioral Economics, we talked to three young researchers who are pushing the field further. A new generation of researchers is striving to understand decision-making in the developing world, how brains process economic decisions, and how bigger, more transparent scientific methods can shed light on basic principles of choice. This is the fifth episode of a special series called: "They Thought We Were Ridiculous: The Unlikely Story of Behavioral Economics." *Co...
"...Ridiculous" Ep. 4: Behavioral Economics Goes Mainstream
February 26, 2024 08:00 - 41 minutes - 28.8 MBEventually, Behavioral Economics emerged as an influential perspective. It’s become mainstream in Economics, and it’s helped inform programs and policies that affect real people every day. This is the fourth episode of a special series called: "They Thought We Were Ridiculous: The Unlikely Story of Behavioral Economics." For more information, check out the Opinion Science webpage for this series: http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/episode/they-thought-we-were-ridiculous/ For a transcript o...
"...Ridiculous" Ep. 3: Children of Unlikely Parents
February 26, 2024 07:00 - 31 minutes - 21.9 MBBehavioral Economics was using psychology to understand economics, but what did economists and psychologists think about their unexpected marriage? Slowly, this fledgling field weathered a flurry of criticism from both sides as it doggedly held onto data-driven ideas about economic decision-making. This is the third episode of a special series called: "They Thought We Were Ridiculous: The Unlikely Story of Behavioral Economics." For more information, check out the Opinion Science webpage ...
"...Ridiculous" Ep. 2: Importing Psychology
February 26, 2024 06:00 - 39 minutes - 27.3 MBDaniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky were two psychologists with big ideas about how people made decisions. Their careful research launched a brand new way of understanding people’s choices, and it helped fan the flames of Behavioral Economics. This is the second episode of a special series called: "They Thought We Were Ridiculous: The Unlikely Story of Behavioral Economics." For more information, check out the Opinion Science webpage for this series: http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/episode/t...
"...Ridiculous" Ep. 1: Beyond Anomalies
February 26, 2024 05:00 - 38 minutes - 26.3 MBFor years, neoclassical economists have made an unusual assumption—that people are rational decision-makers. But a few social scientists have dared to challenge that assumption. They’ve collected observations, analyzed data, and presented their perspective. Their work would usher in a new era of Economics. This is the first episode of a special series called: "They Thought We Were Ridiculous: The Unlikely Story of Behavioral Economics." For more information, check out the Opinion Science ...
Introducing: "They Thought We Were Ridiculous: The Unlikely Story of Behavioral Economics"
February 12, 2024 05:00 - 2 minutes - 1.85 MBComing February 26th! I team up with the guys at Behavioral Groovesto produce a 5-part podcast series on behavioral economics. We tell the story of how some young social scientists took issue with assumptions that economists were making about how people make decisions, and they ended up transforming the field. Their insights went on to shape governments and businesses around the world. The whole series will drop on the Opinion Science podcast feed on February 26th. See you then! For a tran...
#90: How Prejudice Works with Jack Dovidio
January 29, 2024 05:00 - 56 minutes - 38.7 MBJack Dovidio's work is at the heart of how we currently understand the psychology of prejudice. He's spent his career considering where prejudice comes from, how people express it, how it biases people's judgments and behaviors, and what we could do to address it. He's an emeritus professor at Yale University, and he's also just a really pleasant guy to talk to. In our conversation, we cover his early days as a social psychologist studying when people will help each other out, his research o...
#89: Opinions of our Partners with Jim McNulty
January 15, 2024 05:00 - 52 minutes - 35.9 MBJim McNulty is a professor of psychology at Florida State University. He studies close relationships, and in this episode, we talk about his research on "automatic partner attitudes." When someone sees their romantic partner, their feelings about that person spring automatically to mind. And sometimes those feelings conflict with what they openly SAY they feel about their partner. Jim shares his findings from studies that measure people's feelings toward their partners. Things that come up ...
BONUS: "Best" of Opinion Science (2023)
January 02, 2024 05:00 - 1 hour - 42.8 MBHappy New Year! For the first time in the show's history, this episode's a day late. Sorry, dear listeners. So it's 2024, and what better way to kick off the new year than to dive into some nostalgia for 2023 already? As has become tradition around here, I compiled some clips of favorite moments on the podcast from the last year. As I say every year, it’s not truly a “best of” per se because I really am attached to every episode. Instead, I’ve chosen some clips that highlight the kind of sh...
#88: Studying Happiness with Liz Dunn
December 18, 2023 05:00 - 53 minutes - 36.6 MBElizabeth Dunn studies the psychology of happiness. One of her major research areas has looked at generosity's effects on well-being. We're happier when we spend money on other people. But studying happiness has its challenges, especially if we want to build strategies that help people feel happier. So, she shared a snapshot of her research on happiness and a new paper with Dunigan Folk looking at how strong the evidence is for different happiness-boosting strategies. Things that come up in...
#87: How Juries Decide with Mikaela Spruill
December 04, 2023 05:00 - 56 minutes - 38.5 MBMikaela Spruill studies juries and the legal system’s role in sustaining social inequalities. She’s a postdoctoral fellow in criminal justice with SPARQ at Stanford University. In our conversation, Mikaela shares the benefits and drawbacks of juries in the courtroom, how scientists study jury decision-making, and how jurors apply very specific legal standards to interpreting the facts of a case. Things that come up in this episode A very brief history of juries (Alschuler & Deiss, 1994; C...
#86: Framing Political Issues with James Druckman
November 20, 2023 05:00 - 57 minutes - 39.6 MBJames Druckman studies how political messages can shape people's opinions. He is maybe best known for his work on framing issues as a strategic communication strategy. He also has a recent paper on "a framework for the study of persuasion," which organizes the many variables that matter for persuasion. For a transcript of this episode, visit this episode's page at: http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/episodes/ Learn more about Opinion Science at http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/ and follow @O...
#85: Having Curious Conversations with Mónica Guzmán
November 06, 2023 05:00 - 52 minutes - 36 MBMónica Guzmán wants us to have better conversation with the people we disagree with. She's the Senior Fellow for Public Practice at Braver Angels, and in 2022, she released her book, "I Never Thought of It That Way: How to Have Fearlessly Curious Conversations in Dangerously Divided Times." This year, she launched a brand new podcast called "A Braver Way," which is about how we can disagree about politics without losing heart. We talk about how to have curious conversations, why we would wan...
#84: Moral Lessons in Media with Lindsay Hahn
October 23, 2023 04:00 - 59 minutes - 40.6 MBLindsay Hahn studies how entertainment media convey moral messages, especially among children. She's an assistant professor of communication at the University at Buffalo, where she leads the Media Psychology and Morality Lab. We talk about her background, how her team surveys media for the moral lessons they communicate, and how her new work is turning an eye to terrorist propaganda. Things that come up in this episode: Mr. Rogers' testimony before a Senate subcommittee. Content analyses ...
#83: The Fundamental Nature of Opinion with Russ Fazio
October 09, 2023 04:00 - 1 hour - 53.6 MBRuss Fazio has spent his career getting to the bottom of how opinions work. From his first study as a college student in 1974 to a leading expert in basically everything, his work has had a deep impact on the field of social psychology (and communication and political science...) His research over the years has included game-changing work on cognitive dissonance, implicit bias, automatic cognition, negativity biases, and the relationship between attitudes and behavior. How to cover a whole ...
#82: Having Political Conversations with Taylor Carlson
September 25, 2023 04:00 - 1 hour - 42.7 MBTaylor Carlson studies how people navigate political discussions. She does a bunch of interesting work, but I was most interested in talking with her about book she published with Jaime Settle last year. It’s called What Goes Without Saying: Navigating Political Discussion in America. In it, they report their findings from a variety of surveys and experiments and organize them into a four-step model of political discussion. I talked to Taylor about how she got interested in this area, how ...
#81: Moral Language with Morteza Dehghani
September 11, 2023 04:00 - 54 minutes - 37.7 MBMorteza Dehghani is a psychologist and computer scientist who uses sophisticated analytics to churn through the words we use when we talk to each other. From that, he and his colleagues can get an idea of people’s moral sensibilities and the consequences of letting morality imbue our opinions on important issues. We talk about his origins in the field and the key insights he's come to about people's moral sense. In the intro, I talk about Toki Pona--the world's smallest language. You can fi...
#80: Don't Get Fooled Again with Dan Simons & Chris Chabris
August 28, 2023 04:00 - 52 minutes - 36 MBDan Simons and Chris Chabris are psychological scientists who care about attention and reasoning. They're probably best known for their groundbreaking experiments on "inattentional blindness" where they built a scenario in which people would look straight at someone in a gorilla costume and not even know it. The point is: for as smart as we are, we miss a lot of stuff. And it's not just gorillas. Dan and Chris have a new book out on the psychology behind why people fall prey to scams and c...
SciComm Summer #19: Latif Nasser on Making "Radiolab"
July 31, 2023 04:00 - 51 minutes - 35.8 MBLatif Nasser is the current co-host of the WNYC show Radiolab. Radiolab is probably the first podcast I was ever really a fan of. I've been listening since 2007 when it was hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich. It's an amazing show that leans on the incredible audio production to convey the wonder of science. The show has branched out to tell all kinds of stories--not just about science--but it's still one of the best science shows out there. Latif came to Radiolab while working on his...
SciComm Summer #18: Alie Ward on Making "Ologies"
July 24, 2023 04:00 - 1 hour - 42.2 MBAlie Ward is a lot of things--an actor, illustrator, TV host. But I was especially interested in talking to her about her undeniably popular science podcast, Ologies. Her show shares interviews with all sorts of scientists. It's so delightful and engaging, and Alie puts in the work to fill the listener in behind the scenes on things you wouldn't know if you just listened to the interview. Think you're not interested in indigenous bees? Well, just listen to her interview with a Native Melitto...
SciComm Summer #17: Siri Carpenter on The Open Notebook
July 17, 2023 04:00 - 55 minutes - 38.2 MBSiri Carpenter began her science writing journey without a playbook. She was working on a Ph.D. in social psychology and ended up being awarded a AAAS Mass Media Science & Engineering Fellowship where she got critical experience in the field. From there, she took on assignments, pitched stories, and tried to figure out how to do the job of a science journalist. In trying to figure things out, she talked to experienced writers and thought other people would benefit from what they had to say ...
SciComm Summer #16: Sam Jones on Charting Your Own Path
July 10, 2023 04:00 - 53 minutes - 36.8 MBSam Jones wears many hats. She's executive producer of the podcast Tiny Matters. She's also worked on other podcast and video projects. She's written about science for The Washington Post, New York Times, Scientific American, and more. She's also the current president of the D.C. Science Writers Association. Oh, and she got her Ph.D. in Biomedical Science at UCSD in 2018. Sam does good work and has to find her own way into science communication as an "alternative" to the more typical academi...
SciComm Summer #15: Adam Mastroainni on Substack (etc.)
July 03, 2023 04:00 - 55 minutes - 38.1 MBAdam Mastroianni is a social psychologist and the author of Experimental History, available on Substack. But what is Substack? And is it a good vehicle for science communication? Adam shares his experiences writing for a non-academic audience and also reflects on the role of "science communication" in the world. Should there be a division between the scientists and the science communicators? What is a scientist's responsibility in keeping in touch with the public? We also discuss his new ar...
SciComm Summer #14: Melinda Wenner Moyer on Science Journalism
June 26, 2023 04:00 - 56 minutes - 38.9 MBMelinda Wenner Moyer is a science journalist and contributing editor at Scientific American magazine. Recently, Melinda received the Excellence in Science Journalism award from The Society for Personality and Social Psychology, the 2019 Bricker Award for Science Writing in Medicine, and her work was featured in the 2020 Best American Science and Nature Writing anthology. But that’s only recently. She’s been writing about science for major outlets for years and doing it really, really well. ...
Introducing "Hot SciComm Summer"...Season 2!
June 19, 2023 04:00 - 1 minute - 1.43 MB(Another) special summer series on science communication! Regular Opinion Science episodes will resume in August. Announcing another season of my special podcast mini-series for the summer focused on science communication. I wanted to talk to a bunch of people who have become experts at communicating research outside of academia through different forms of media. So whether you’re an academic who wants to communicate your research more widely, a journalist interested in covering more social...
#19 (Updated): Political Humor as Persuasion with Danna Young
June 05, 2023 04:00 - 1 hour - 54.7 MBDr. Dannagal Young studies political humor. She pulls together psychology, communications, and political science, to understand how political satire works to change minds and expand political knowledge. She also has a new book: Irony and Outrage: The Polarized Landscape of Rage, Fear, and Laughter in the United States, which explores how satire became a tool of political left and outrage media because a tool of the political right. Update: This episode was replayed on June 5th, 2023 and con...
#79: "Survivor" Bias with Erin O'Mara Kunz
May 22, 2023 04:00 - 57 minutes - 39.4 MBErin O’Mara Kunz is an Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Dayton. We spend the whole episode on her new paper analyzing racial and gender biases in the voting decisions on the reality TV show, Survivor. We dig into how Survivor is a useful test case for understanding discrimination, what the data tell us, and what conclusions we can take away. Things that come up in this episode: In the intro, I mention that social scientists are no strangers to analyzing decisions in t...
#78: Our Impressions of Others with Leor Hackel
May 08, 2023 04:00 - 54 minutes - 37.2 MBLeor Hackel studies how we learn about other people and how we make decisions about them. He’s an Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of Southern California, and he uses neuroscience, economic games, and computational models to sort out what’s going on in our heads as we’re getting information about other people. Things that we mention in this episode Dolf Zillmann's disposition theory (Zillmann & Cantor, 1972; 1996; also see affective disposition theory [Wiki]) The diffe...
Political Persuasion with Alex Coppock (Rebroadcast)
April 24, 2023 04:00 - 43 minutes - 29.7 MBThis week, I'm happy to reshare my conversation with political scientist, Alex Coppock. This episode first ran on October 12, 2020, and just a few months ago, Alex published his book, "Persuasion in Parallel: How Information Changes Minds about Politics." The book nicely aligns with our conversation on the podcast, so it seemed like a good reason to reshare the original episode. Enjoy! See you in a couple weeks with a brand new episode. Original Episode: #22 - Political Persuasion with A...
#77: Opinions in the Brain with Uma Karmarkar
April 10, 2023 04:00 - 1 hour - 42.2 MBUma Karmarkar is a decision neuroscientist. She tries to understand how people make decisions when they have too little or too much information, and she uses tools and theories from neuroscience, psychology, and economics. I wanted to get Uma's take on the value of neuroscience in trying to understand consumer behavior. Does looking at brain signals give us anything special when we try to figure out why people buy what they buy, which advertisements are most influential, etc. We talk about t...
#76: You Can't Tell Me What To Do with Ben Rosenberg
March 27, 2023 04:00 - 49 minutes - 34.3 MBBen Rosenberg studies how people react to having their freedom threatened. He is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Dominican University of California. In addition to conducting his own studies on this question, he has exhaustively reviewed decades of research on something called "psychological reactance theory." In our conversation, we break down what reactance is, where it comes from, who it applies to, and what questions about it are still unanswered. Things that come up in this epi...
#75: High-Quality Listening with Guy Itzchakov
March 13, 2023 04:00 - 52 minutes - 36.2 MBGuy Itzchakov knows how to listen. He's an associate professor in the Department of Human Services at the University of Haifa. He studies the markers of high-quality listening. But it's not that he tries to figure out who listens well and who doesn't. Instead, he's focused on how receiving high-quality listening affects us as speakers. He finds, for example, that when someone really, deeply listens to what we have to say, it provides us with a safe opportunity to explore where we really stan...
#74: When a Society Changes its Mind with Tessa Charlesworth
February 27, 2023 05:00 - 51 minutes - 35.7 MBTessa Charlesworth studies patterns in people’s beliefs and opinions over time, mapping out the minds of a society over decades. She’s currently a postdoctoral research fellow at Harvard University. In this episode, she shares her work charting changes in the public’s implicit biases over decades and other research looking at the evolution of language over a couple of centuries to track changes in common stereotypes. Also, we mention a previous episode of the show that’s worth checking out:...
#73: Navigating Diversity with Maureen Craig
February 13, 2023 05:00 - 53 minutes - 37.1 MBMaureen Craig studies how we navigate a diverse social world. She's an associate professor of psychology at New York University. In our conversation, she shares her work looking at people's reactions to the ever-increasing diversity of their social environments. How do people react to the news that one day, less than half of the U.S. population will be White? She also shares her other work on who tends to advocate for whom. What makes an "ally"? When do members of one minority group stand up...
#72: Fighting Against Misinformation with Sander van der Linden
January 30, 2023 05:00 - 1 hour - 45.9 MBSander van der Linden studies the psychology of misinformation. He and his lab have conducted studies to understand why people believe false information, and they've also leveraged the psychology of "inoculation" to build tools that help people avoid falling prey to misinformation. He describes this work and more in his new book, Foolproof: Why Misinformation Infects Our Minds and How to Build Immunity. You can play the video game that Sander's lab built to inoculate people against misinfor...
#71: "Person" = "Man"? with April Bailey
January 16, 2023 05:00 - 1 hour - 43.3 MBApril Bailey is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of New Hampshire, and she studies the psychology of androcentrism—people’s tendency to think of men as a stand-in for all people and treating women’s experiences as the outlier. We talk about exactly what androcentrism is, the kinds of evidence we have for it, and what it means for the future of how we think about gender. Things that come up in this episode: The history of the genderless pronoun "thon," including a ques...
BONUS: "Best" of Opinion Science (2022)
January 09, 2023 05:00 - 1 hour - 51.6 MBAnother year in the books! I don't think I ever really mastered writing the year as "2022," and now I have to write "2023." I'll figure it out one of these days. But another year meant another year of Opinion Science! This year saw even more new listeners, amazing guests, and an ambitious series of episodes over the summer. Your support has meant a lot. So even though I'm (again) a week or so behind on this, I wanted put together another "best of" episode, featuring notable moments from th...
#70: A "Mixed" Bag with Geoff Durso
January 02, 2023 05:00 - 51 minutes - 35.6 MBGeoff Durso studies what happens when we face mixed information. When people do good things and bad things. When a product has positive and negative qualities. Geoff's an assistant professor of marketing at DePaul University. He's also an old friend of mine. We met up at a conference and caught up, chatting about some of the cool work Geoff has done on the nature of ambivalence. (As I mention in the intro, you can also check out Episode 35 with Iris Schneider for more on ambivalence.) Thin...
#69: Directing Attention (and Other Lessons from the Science of Magic) with Anthony Barnhart (ft. Erik Tait)
December 19, 2022 05:00 - 1 hour - 47.1 MBTony Barnhart is Associate Professor of Psychological Science at Carthage College. But just as notably, he's a magician. As a result of this dual identity, he has the unique distinction of being an expert in the psychology of magic. Magicians have long prided themselves on understanding and exploiting human psychology, but Tony actually brings a scientific perspective. He's on the committee for the Science of Magic Association and played a central role in the book Sleights of Mind: What the ...
#68: Intellectual Humility with Tenelle Porter
December 05, 2022 05:00 - 57 minutes - 39.2 MBTenelle Porter is a new colleague of mine at Ball State University. She's an educational psychologist, and one of the things she studies is intellectual humility, which is people's awareness of the limits of their knowledge and the fallibility of their reasoning. Intellectual humility offers a variety of handy benefits even though there has been some disagreement about what it is, exactly. I was excited to sit down with Tenelle and get her take on intellectual humility, what it does for peop...
#67: Confronting Prejudice with Margo Monteith
November 21, 2022 05:00 - 50 minutes - 34.5 MBMargo Monteith is a Distinguished Professor of Psychological Sciences at Purdue University. She studies how we can reduce prejudice in the world by confronting those biases head-on. One way we can confront prejudice is to keep ourselves in check, paying attention to the ways in which we might say or do something biased. Another way we can confront prejudice is to call out other people when they say or do something biased. In our conversation, Margo gives a big overview of her work in these a...
#66: Your Language Shapes Your Opinions with Efrén Pérez
November 07, 2022 05:00 - 1 hour - 50 MBEfrén Pérez is a professor is a professor of Political Science and Psychology at UCLA. He studies political attitudes and behaviors among various racial and ethnic groups in the United States. With Margit Tavits, he recently co-wrote the book Voicing Politics: How Language Shapes Public Opinion. The book is a fascinating summary of research they have conducted testing how the unique characteristics of the language your speak can shape your political opinions. Languages around the world diffe...
Systemic Racism with Phia Salter (Rebroadcast)
October 24, 2022 04:00 - 53 minutes - 36.7 MBThis week, I'm out with COVID, so I'm re-sharing an early Opinion Science episode that has remained one of the most downloaded episodes of the show. I also took the opportunity to very slightly remaster it. See you in a couple weeks with a new episode! Phia Salter takes a cultural psychology approach to studying racism. She’s an associate professor of Psychology at Davidson College, and in this episode she draws a contrast between thinking of racism as an individual bias versus thinking of ...
#65: Language is for Doing with Thomas Holtgraves
October 10, 2022 04:00 - 53 minutes - 36.8 MBTom Holtgraves studies how language helps us do things. We use words to inquire, to instruct, to command, and to persuade. Words are social. He's currently a Professor of Psychological Science at Ball State University (just down the hall from me!), and his lab studies how people use language and other symbols (e.g., emoji) to successfully or unsuccessfully communicate with one another. He edited the Oxford Handbook of Language and Social Psychology and authored Language as Social Action: ...
#64: Saving Democracy with Robb Willer
September 26, 2022 04:00 - 1 hour - 45.6 MBRobb Willer studies social and political divides, and maybe more importantly, he tries to find ways to overcome them. In our conversation, he shares his personal background, unpacks persuasion strategies that cut across political lines, and reveals the results of a major new study in his lab that tested a bunch of strategies for reducing political animosity and encouraging people to value democracy over other political attitudes. Some things that come up in the episode: How moral values ca...