The Soviet Union came to an abrupt end in December 1991, with the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev from his position as President of the USSR, leaving a multitude of affiliated and independent states in its wake. However, the union had been fragmenting for some time, and there is a good deal of historical debate about how far the end of the Soviet Union was inevitable, and the extent to which Gorbachev might be held accountable for its demise.

To discuss the impact of Gorbachev, I am joined on the line today by Peter Kenez, who is Professor of History emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Professor Kenez’s interest in Soviet Russia encompasses aspects such as the mass mobilisation of support for the war, as well as soviet society and cinema. His most recent works include “A History of the Soviet Union from beginning to end”, an excellent core text, and “Hungary, from the Nazis to the Soviets.”