Previous Episode: COVID Lipids Stop Migraine
Next Episode: Lipids for Inflammation

Supplements in COVID
The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial1, known as CARET, was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine if a daily combination of 30 mg of beta-carotene and 25,000 IU of retinyl palmitate, in over 18,000 persons at high risk for lung cancer, was safe and decreased the incidence of lung cancer.
CARET began in 1985, but the Trial was terminated 21 months ahead of schedule. There was definitive evidence in 1996 of no benefit and substantial evidence of an increase in the incidence of lung cancer.  In cancer, as in all disease, there is either a predominance of dysaerobic metabolism, due to pathological leukotrienes, or anaerobic metabolism, due to pathological tissue cholesterol (TCH)2. All lipids, be they Revici’s therapeutic lipid agents, hormones, supplements or dietary oils and fats, have either dysaerobic or anaerobic effects.  Whereas dysaerobic lipids generate free radicals, anaerobic lipids promote anaerobic metabolism.   
Dysaerobic and anaerobic effects of lipids and fat are determined by urine pH, surface tension, specific gravity and the redox potential. Beta-carotene and retinol both foster dysaerobic metabolism. Therefore, those subjects in this Trial with pathological fatty acids could develop cancer if pathological leukotrienes increased from these two supplements. And, those subjects with pathological TCH can develop cancer if their pathological TCH further increased in a defense against the dysaerobic effects of these supplements. COVID is dysaerobic metabolism. Therefore high doses of vitamin A and beta carotene are contraindicated. Since Vitamin D is also dysaerobic, daily intake should be limited to 2,000 IU, sufficient to prevent or correct deficiencies. A letter to the editor in the British Medical Journal, BMJ, this April3 describes vitamin D deficiency as an existing, ubiquitous and pressing issue, a larger relative COVID-19 causative agent than socioeconomic status for UK blacks, Asians and minority ethnic groups. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent as well in African Americans, obesity, older individuals and care-home residents. While weekly 50,000 IU D3 might serve these groups, the letter is a plea for urgent research, including basal D levels, for this potentially simple, feasible Covid-19 mitigation remedy. In the US studies, to date, on D deficiency in COVID are considered observational, not causative.  Others conclude the correlation between D deficiency and COVID outcomes disappear when adjustments are made for age, weight and socioeconomic deprivation. EPA/DHA and polyunsaturated oils/supplements are contraindicated in individuals with COVID. They are dysaerobic. Still fresh in my mind is a woman with breast cancer who was dysaerobic. EPA unfortunately exacerbated her cancer. Minerals are either dysaerobic and anaerobic.  Calcium, often taken in large doses, and magnesium are both dysaerobic. 400mg/day is the recommended limit for each. 400mg/day is also the recommended dose of calcium for those with a diet deficient in calcium. Whereas magnesium is necessary in osteoporosis there is no convincing evidence that calcium is necessary or beneficial.  To the contrary,  high calcium–low magnesium intake leads to calcification of arteries, i.e., atherosclerosis as well as osteoporosis and osteoporotic bone fractures. Zinc on the other hand is anaerobic. Lipid-bound zinc is an anti-dysaerobic agent.  Lipid-bound zinc will be delivered to cells where it is needed, to dysaerobic cells.4  Lipid-bound zinc avoids the possibility of a high zinc to copper ratio that can occur from supplementation with usual zinc supplements. Vitamin C it is neither dysaerobic nor anaerobic. For an excellent review of its use in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus go to the July 7th News Release at Orthomolecular.org.⁵ 1. https://www.drrevici.com/