45.[✐2]Plain style: Speak casually + ending particles(no, yo, ne)

Plain style : ending particle noの、yoよ、neね
“(That film?) I watched it!  It was good!”

[00:08]

Hello everyone. We practice Plain Style today.  Plain style is used when you talk to your family or friends, as you know.

[00:18]

Plain style is very diverse and not easy to master, but today we’ll look at the part of it to get a feel for Plain Style.

[00:31]

First, learn the pattern of plain style with basic verbs. Jisho-form, nai-form, ta-form, nakatta-form are used in Plain Style.

Repeat after me

[00:44]

Jisho(dictionary)-form

masu-form > jisho-form

1.  go

2.  eat

3.  do

4.  come

5.  be (for inanimate objects)

6.  be (for animate objects)

[01:21]

ないForm

masu-form > nai-form

1.  go

2.  eat

3.  do

4.  come

5.  be (for inanimate objects)

6.  be (for animate objects)

[02:00]

たForm

masu-form > ta-form

1.  go

2.  eat

3.  do

4.  come

5.  be (for inanimate objects)

6.  be (for animate objects)

[02:41]

なかったForm

masu-form > nakatta-form

1.  go

2.  eat

3.  do

4.  come

5.  be (for inanimate objects)

6.  be (for animate objects)

[03:35]

Repeat after me

1.  Do you drink alcohol?

2.  Are you going to the tomorrow’s concert?

3.  Yesterday, Suga san has come!

4.  Dad has  already gone out.

5.  I didn’t swim in the sea this year.

6.  Have you been to Okinawa?

7.  Was Clooney san in the movie theatre?

[04:50]

Actually, we tend to add ending particle at the end of the sentence to emphasise, seek confirmation or soften the message, and so on.  Without ending particles, it may sound a bit blunt or unfriendly, depending on the tone of your voice.

[05:11]

For example, ending particle のhas several functions, one of which is used in a question, and can be used by both male and female speakers. Meanwhile assertive sentences with のat the end sound feminine, like ”Watashi, ryori dekinai no” =  can’t cook.

[05:34]

Another example of ending particles is よ。You can add “yo” at the end of the sentence in order to express confirmation.

[05:49]

Now, answer the followings.

For example,

Have you already eaten breakfast? No, not yet

→ No, I haven’t eaten yet.

Note that the plain form of “Hai(yes)” is un, “iie(no)” is “uun”.

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Note: English translations might sound occasionally unnatural as English, as I try to preserve the structure and essence of the original Japanese. I hope it also helps you to capture the pattern of the sentence structure.

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