Expanded Perspectives
515 episodes - English - Latest episode: 4 days ago - ★★★★★ - 2.8K ratingsExpanded Perspectives Podcast is your source for Ancient History, Alternative History, Cryptozoology, UFO's, Conspiracy Theories and all things Paranormal. Join the hosts and lifelong friends Kyle Philson and Cameron Hale as they dig into mysteries of our ancient past, unusual events, unbelievable creatures and undeniable truths through research and interviews with top researchers, archaeologist, historians and authors. They take a down to earth approach while maintaining and open mind. Its time for you to expand your perspective!
Homepage Apple Podcasts Google Podcasts Overcast Castro Pocket Casts RSS feed
Episodes
Strange Encounters
June 01, 2016 19:09On this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys start the show off talking about how a man in Clarke County, Alabama says he and his family are “tired of dealing” with a Bigfoot creature and are threatening to kill it unless officials come to “capture and remove it”. Then, the elusive, deep-sea-dwelling giant squid, with eyes the size of basketballs, may be larger than it has gotten credit for. In fact, the monster cephalopod may grow to be longer than a school bus, researchers say. Specime...
Norwegian Mountain Troll
May 23, 2016 00:03 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys start off the show talking about how researchers claim that the Burmese python may no longer be Florida's scariest invasive species. Recently, three Nile crocodiles were captured near Miami, and they say it's possible more of the man-eating reptiles are still out there, although no one can say for sure. Then, a man claims that he saw two birds “the size of airplanes”. Then, encounters with shadow figures go far back in history, from shadowy m...
The Flannan Islands Lighthouse
May 16, 2016 04:58 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys star off the show by talking about how recently an abandoned oil tanker has washed up on the shores of Liberia in west Africa, prompting an investigation – and speculation over the fate of the ship’s crew. Then, the world of archaeology was electrified last year by the news that Tutankhamun’s tomb could contain hidden chambers possibly containing the remains and riches of Queen Nefertiti. It was a story that seemed to have everything: false w...
D.B. Cooper
May 02, 2016 22:55 - 58 minutesOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys start offtalking about the Large Hadron Collider, a 17-mile superconducting machine designed tosmash protons together at close to the speed of light, went offlineovernight. Engineers investigating the mishap found the charredremains of a furry creature near a gnawed-through power cable.Then, nimble-fingered robots that exactly mimic themovements of a human hand could soon be used tohelp decommission nuclear powerstations. Remote-controlled ro...
The River
April 25, 2016 13:38 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys start out talking about how it's incredible that it escaped notice for so long, but scientists have just discovered a massive, 9,500 square-kilometer reef system at the mouth of the Amazon river. And it’s home to some truly bizarre life forms. Then, Jonathan Bloch at the University of Florida, Gainesville, and his colleagues have been studying 21-million-year-old sediments in Panama that were deposited on the North American side before the is...
The Vampire of Cinkota
April 18, 2016 01:52 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys start off by talking about how radioactive boars are running wild and breeding uncontrollably in the northern region of Japan contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Then, a new 3D printing technique from MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory has allowed researchers to “print” all of the parts of a robot, both solid parts like the body and liquid components such as hydraulic pumps, at the same time. Then, a Net...
Report From the Road/Ozark Mountain UFO Conference
April 11, 2016 16:43This week on Expanded Perspectives, we discuss our trip to the 29th annual Ozark Mountain UFO Conference in Eureka Springs, Arkansas, as we do the show live from Cam and Kyle's mobile airship cruising back to the Drone Star State. Joining us on our journey is Micah Hanks of The Gralien Report, as we discuss the unique people we met over the course of the weekend, which included Erich von Daniken, Whitley Streiber, Nick Pope, Richard Dolan, Linda Moulton Howe, and many others. Also in the news...
Expanded Perspectives On the Road/Ozark Mountain UFO Conference
April 11, 2016 16:29 - 55 minutesThis week on Expanded Perspectives, we discuss our trip to the 29th annual Ozark Mountain UFO Conference in Eureka Springs, Arkansas, as we do the show live from Cam and Kyle's mobile airship cruising back to the Drone Star State. Joining us on our journey is Micah Hanks of The Gralien Report, as we discuss the unique people we met over the course of the weekend, which included Erich von Daniken, Whitley Streiber, Nick Pope, Richard Dolan, Linda Moulton Howe, and many others. Also in the new...
Edward Leedskalnin/Coral Castle
April 04, 2016 15:51 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the boys bring up a recent Tasmanian Tiger sighting, the second in only a few months near South Gippsland, Australia. Then, a man in Belvedere, Tennessee claims that three people saw a white and hairy bipedal creature. Next, Radar experts are casting doubt on claims that King Tutankhamun's tomb contains hidden, undiscovered chambers — and they're calling for more data to be released. Radar experts not affiliated with the project, and they said they do...
Mysterious Upright Canine Creatures
March 28, 2016 03:32 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how according to police, a large disc-shaped UFO was stolen from the International UFO Museum and Research Center in Roswell, New Mexico Saturday morning. After missing for several days, it was then found broken into pieces in a ditch on the side of a highway 2 miles outside of town. Although the theft was caught on a surveillance camera, the perpetrators of the crime are still at large. Then, Aaron Rodgers who is the quarterback o...
The Stone Spheres of Costa Rica/The Olmecs
March 21, 2016 05:23On this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about a possible time slip story. A woman named Debra in Dallas called in to Coast to Coast Am to tell of something that happened to her when she was a young girl. Then, taxi drivers working in towns in north-east Japan that were devastated in the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami are reporting picking up "ghost passengers". Next, new research presented at the annual meeting of the American Chemical Society demonstrated how to turn waste ...
Stone Spheres of Costa Rica/The Olmecs
March 21, 2016 05:23 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about a possible time slip story. A woman named Debra in Dallas called in to Coast to Coast Am to tell of something that happened to her when she was a young girl. Then, taxi drivers working in towns in north-east Japan that were devastated in the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami are reporting picking up "ghost passengers". Next, new research presented at the annual meeting of the American Chemical Society demonstrated how to turn waste...
Amelia Earhart:The Truth at Last
March 14, 2016 16:33 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk with Mike Campbell about his new book "Amelia Earhart: The Truth at Last" the second edition. Nearly everything the American public has seen, read and heard in the media for nearly 80 years about the so-called Amelia Earhart mystery is intentionally false or inadvertently misleading. The widely accepted myth that the disappearance of Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan during their ill-fated world-flight attempt in July 1937 is among the grea...
Amelia Earhart: The Truth at Last
March 14, 2016 16:27On this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk with Mike Campbell about his new book "Amelia Earhart: The Truth at Last" the second edition. Nearly everything the American public has seen, read and heard in the media for nearly 80 years about the so-called Amelia Earhart mystery is intentionally false or inadvertently misleading. The widely accepted myth that the disappearance of Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan during their ill-fated world-flight attempt in July 1937 is among the great...
Crop Circles
March 07, 2016 16:03 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys start the show off by talking about how the loss of Louisiana’s coast due to saltwater intrusion, sea level rise and industry is a big problem for the environment and the economy. But it could also change our understanding of the state’s history. In some places, the water is taking with it ancient Native American sites, posing challenges for archaeologists. Then, A UFO investigator looking for evidence of flying saucers inadvertently stumbled...
Spider Rock/Forrest Fenn’s Treasure
February 29, 2016 17:08On this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys start out talking about a mysterious incident from the 1969 Apollo 10 mission. Declassified in 2008, NASA tapes reveal the three-man crew heard weird "outer space type music" while orbiting the dark side of the moon. For the entire hour, the astronauts discuss and describe the music, even debating whether to inform NASA command. Then, for decades, robot hand design has tended to favor function over form, drawing from the world of man-made mac...
The Spider Rock/Forrest Fenn Treasures
February 29, 2016 17:07 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys start out talking about a mysterious incident from the 1969 Apollo 10 mission. Declassified in 2008, NASA tapes reveal the three-man crew heard weird "outer space type music" while orbiting the dark side of the moon. For the entire hour, the astronauts discuss and describe the music, even debating whether to inform NASA command. Then, for decades, robot hand design has tended to favor function over form, drawing from the world of man-made ma...
The Hole
February 23, 2016 05:34 - 1 hourOn this weeks episode of Expanded Perspectives the boys start off by talking about how according to Massachusetts-based Terrafugia, a full-size unmanned prototype is expected to be ready by 2018. The firm's concept car has fold-out wings with twin electric motors attached to each end. These motors allow the TF-X to move from a vertical to a horizontal position, and will be powered by a 300 horsepower engine. Thrust will be provided by a ducted fan, and the vehicle will have a cruising speed ...
Changelings
February 15, 2016 18:07 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about a new documentary on Netflix called "The Nightmare". Then, how birds of prey might actually be spreading wild fires. Witnesses in Australia have seen black kites and brown falcons carrying burning twigs to dry areas, then dropping them, spreading wildfires in the Australian bush. Then, researchers at the University of Zurich and the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland have developed software enabling dro...
Blurry Photos
February 08, 2016 17:22 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives Kyle and Cam start off by talking about how Iceland is going to build the first temple to Norse gods in 1,000 years. Worship of the gods in Scandinavia gave way to Christianity around 1,000 years ago but a modern version of Norse paganism has been gaining popularity in Iceland. Then a hidden population of up to 200 lions found in remote Ethiopia. In the savannah of Alatash National Park, which is a remote part of north-west Ethiopia was considered a p...
The Cursed Vessel UB-65
February 01, 2016 06:53 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the boys start off by talking about how researchers have long known that eye contact is an important social signal. Our recognition of its import may even be hardwired. One study found that five-day-old babies prefer looking at faces that make direct eye contact compared with faces that have an averted gaze. Then, they bring up a recent Black Eyed Kid encounter by a hunter, Then, archaeologists working in southern Nevada have found nearly 20 sites use...
Expanded Perspectives/Listener Stories
January 25, 2016 05:58 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how after a botched repair job of the famed pharaoh’s beard left scratches on his burial mask, Egyptian prosecutors have ordered eight museum workers to a disciplinary court for “gross negligence.” Then, the solar system appears to have a new ninth planet. Recently, two scientists announced evidence that a body nearly the size of Neptune—but as yet unseen—orbits the sun every 15,000 years. During the solar system’s infancy 4.5 bill...
There’s Something in the Woods…
January 18, 2016 05:03On this episode of Expanded Perspectives Cam and Kyle start the show off by bringing up how surgeons used a new technique to attach a thought-controlled robot arm directly to an amputee’s stump, giving him a far greater range of motion with the advanced prosthetic limb. The system, involving an implant inserted into the bone at the end of the residual limb, allows test patient Johnny Matheny to use the arm without the constraining and sometimes uncomfortable harness he previously used when ex...
There's Something in the Woods...
January 18, 2016 05:01 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives Cam and Kyle start the show off by bringing up how surgeons used a new technique to attach a thought-controlled robot arm directly to an amputee’s stump, giving him a far greater range of motion with the advanced prosthetic limb. The system, involving an implant inserted into the bone at the end of the residual limb, allows test patient Johnny Matheny to use the arm without the constraining and sometimes uncomfortable harness he previously used when e...
Georgia Guidestones and More…
January 11, 2016 02:41On this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how a Chinese drone maker Ehang Inc. recently unveiled what it calls the world's first drone capable of carrying a human passenger. The Guangzhou, China-based company pulled the cloth off the Ehang 184 at the Las Vegas Convention Center during the CES gadget show. In a company video showing it flying, it looks like a small helicopter but with four doubled propellers spinning parallel to the ground like other drones. Then they discus...
Georgia Guidestones and More...
January 11, 2016 02:40 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how a Chinese drone maker Ehang Inc. recently unveiled what it calls the world's first drone capable of carrying a human passenger. The Guangzhou, China-based company pulled the cloth off the Ehang 184 at the Las Vegas Convention Center during the CES gadget show. In a company video showing it flying, it looks like a small helicopter but with four doubled propellers spinning parallel to the ground like other drones. Then they disc...
The Battle of Los Angeles
January 04, 2016 04:21 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about a giant squid, rarely seen outside of deep waters, has been filmed swimming near a pier in central Japan. The 3.7-metre-long squid was spotted swimming under fishing boats at Toyama Bay on Christmas Eve. Next, the Great Barrier Reef will have a robotic protector beginning this winter. The underwater autonomous vehicle is programmed to patrol the massive living structure in search of destructive crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS), whic...
The Ararat Anomaly
December 29, 2015 03:21 - 1 hourOn this last episode of 2015 the guys bring up the top ten builds by the Ancients that were exposed during this year. There is no doubt that our ancient ancestors were adept at creating beautiful and masterful structures. The features they managed to construct easily rival some of the most important works built today. Stone circles, architectural structures, petroglyphs, geoglyphs, and fortresses are some of the more elaborate builds that made the news in 2015. Then after the break Cam bring...
Mysterious Sightings
December 21, 2015 02:30 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how a newly discovered asteroid the size of a city bus gave Earth a close shave on the morning of December 19, 2015, zipping well within the orbit of the moon. Then, a man in Hamilton County, White Springs, Florida comes forward about a Bigfoot encounter he has back in 1997. After the break the talk about the history of storytelling around Christmas and how the telling of ghost stories/paranormal stories goes back a long way. The g...
Close Encounters of the Unusual Kind
December 14, 2015 18:29 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how Art Bell is going to retire once again. For the last several weeks 70-year-old radio legend Art Bell has been shot at, twice, by some crazy person who’s bound and determined to force Bell to stop doing his show. The last incident was just a few days ago; Bell was on his way to his studio when shots rang out. Bell was forced to lie in the dirt on his belly until the police showed up. It's sad to see a radio legend like Art havin...
Alaska’s Otterman/Kushtaka
December 07, 2015 17:07On this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about a recent Texas witness at Hutto who reported watching a sphere shaped UFO near ground level emitting a green light that appeared to be searching for something, then how scientist's still don't know what causes that knuckle cracking sound. After the break Cam gets into the unusual Alaska legend of the Kushtaka or Otterman! The Tlingit and Tsimshian peoples, indigenous inhabitants of the Pacific Northwest Coast of the United States an...
Alaska's Otterman/Kushtaka
December 07, 2015 17:04 - 59 minutesOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about a recent Texas witness at Hutto who reported watching a sphere shaped UFO near ground level emitting a green light that appeared to be searching for something, then how scientist's still don't know what causes that knuckle cracking sound. After the break Cam gets into the unusual Alaska legend of the Kushtaka or Otterman! The Tlingit and Tsimshian peoples, indigenous inhabitants of the Pacific Northwest Coast of the United States a...
Mysterious Monoliths of Japan
November 30, 2015 14:17 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about 15 astounding technologies that DARPA is currently working on right now. DARPA has had a hand in major inventions like GPS, the internet, and stealth aircraft. And it's always developing new technologies for military or intelligence-related systems that could end up having a huge impact outside the battlefield as well. Then they discuss how American asteroid mining is now fully legal. No one has managed to pluck valuable minerals f...
Bridging The Barriers
November 23, 2015 17:04 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about a scholar of early Christianity at the University of Texas has announced his discovery earlier this year of a priceless fragment of the New Testament written in ancient Greek – for sale on eBay with an opening bid of just $99, next they discuss how giant waves have recently exposed rare petroglyphs that have not been seen in years. Then after the break we get into some strange sightings/encounters that seem to happen around bridges...
Dugway Proving Ground
November 16, 2015 04:20 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how prehistoric farmers were perhaps the very first beekeepers and how traces of beeswax have been found on ancient pottery from Europe, the Near East and North Africa. Next, they discuss how some mysterious Space Junk crashed into the Indian Ocean. The space debris, named WT1190F entered the Earth's atmosphere and landed off the coast of Sri Lanka, according to NASA. Next, we chat about how a recent study shows that quitting Faceb...
Cursed Cars/Possessed Vehicles
November 09, 2015 03:12 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how a recent video of a supposed UFO in Los Angeles turns out to be nothing more than the test firing of a Navy Missile, then a new drone that harvests Algae for fuel. After the break the guys talk about possessed and/or phantom vehicles. Thanks for listening to Expanded Perspectives. Don't forget to write and rate the show on iTunes. Email us your thoughts and stories at [email protected]. Have a great week!! Show No...
The Pharaoh’s Curse
November 02, 2015 17:15On this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how researchers at the University of Bristol and the Public University of Navarre created a sonic tractor beam that uses high-amplitude sound waves to levitate, move and rotate small objects, how scientist at MIT have developed a way to use Wifi signals to see and identify people through walls, then a Delaware witness at Sandtown reported watching a low flying, boomerang-shaped UFO that gave off a humming sound. Finally, researchers...
The Pharaoh's Curse
November 02, 2015 17:14 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how researchers at the University of Bristol and the Public University of Navarre created a sonic tractor beam that uses high-amplitude sound waves to levitate, move and rotate small objects, how scientist and MIT have developed a way to use Wifi signals to see and identify people through walls, then a Delaware witness at Sandtown reported watching a low flying, boomerang-shaped UFO that gave off a humming sound. Finally, researche...
Creepy Stories for Halloween
October 26, 2015 05:35 - 1 hourOn this Halloween episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how a salon manager died in a freak Cryochamber accident, and the super company Samsung told to build bots who work for less than current staffers. Then a strange story about an Idaho truck driver who claims that he hit and killed a Bigfoot but the Sheriff burned the evidence. Finally, Cam talks about how feeling "Harry" is a signal from your brain. Then after the break the guys talk about Halloween and tell some interest...
Mysteries of the Djinn
October 19, 2015 03:12 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about about how a man built his own homemade Railgun, then they talk about how the Government takes the family land of the Sheahan's near Area 51. Then Cam brings up a boy in Indiana has an Alien Abduction where he claims that he saw other beings being housed inside pods. Then after the break the guys talk about the Mysterious Djinn. In Western lore djinn are sometimes equated with demons, but they are not the same. They are often portra...
Burrows Cave/Pre-Columbian Chinese
October 12, 2015 15:27 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how King Tut's beard was broken off the burial mask, it will now be repaired correctly, then some reasons why people never smiled in old photographs and DARPA's new MAARS robot. Then after the break the guys talk about several cultures including the Chinese that were in the Americas long before Columbus. Then they discuss the mysteries of the Burrows Cave in Illinois. Thanks again for listening to Expanded Perspectives. You can ema...
Humanoid Sightings/The Sykesville Monster
October 05, 2015 04:08 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys discuss how a Michigan farmer uncovers a rare, nearly complete Woolly Mammoth fossil in his field, a woman in Kentucky spots a pink 'Pig-Human Hybrid' running across the road, a man in Oswego County, New York records what he believes are Sasquatch/Bigfoot howling sounds, then they discuss how a warming world could be a Crocodile infested one. Then after the break Cam brings up some unusual flying humanoid sightings both in America and even Po...
Mysteries of the Moon
September 28, 2015 15:45 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how the Moon is shrinking very slowly, new drones to be equipped with lasers very soon and then after the break the boys talk about some mysteries of the the Moon, the landing, ufo’s and possible bases. Thanks for listening to Expanded Perspectives. Don’t forget if you want to help out the show then write us a review on iTunes. Have a great week! Show Notes Moon Shrinking, Earth at Fault Drones Equipped with High Energy Lasers h...
Unusual Cryptids of Japan,Korea and China
September 21, 2015 02:54On this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how the month of August was the hottest month, during the hottest summer, during the hottest year ever recorded, How since 1970 nearly 49% of all marine life has died and man from Belton, Texas actually got into a fist fight with an Alien being. Then after the break the guys talk about some unusual cryptids supposedly that roam China, Japan and Korea. If you like Expanded Perspectives then write and rate the show on iTunes. Also, do...
Unusual Cryptids of Japan, Korea and China
September 21, 2015 02:26 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how the month of August was the hottest month, during the hottest summer, during the hottest year ever recorded, How since 1970 nearly 49% of all marine life has died and man from Belton, Texas actually got into a fist fight with an Alien being. Then after the break the guys talk about some unusual cryptids supposedly that roam China, Japan and Korea. If you like Expanded Perspectives then write and rate the show on iTunes. Also, d...
Black Helicopters/Jackie Gleason and UFOs
September 14, 2015 05:15 - 1 hourOn this two year anniversary episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about the newly discovered Homo Naledi. Which is a previously unknown species of hominin, a Egyptian method filters seawater in minutes, Mysterious Shootings in the southwest U.S. may suggest a "Serial Sniper"and then a Russian man to undergo the first head to body transplant. Then after the break Kyle talks about these mysterious Black Helicopters and Cam talks about Celebrities that have seen UFO's and how Jackie G...
The Third Man Factor
September 07, 2015 04:24 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how all across the world Bears are beginning to rise up against humans, two people encounter "Monster" at Lake Champlain, the after the break the guys discuss "The Third Man Factor". The Third Man factor or Third Man Effect refers to the reported situations where an unseen presence such as a "spirit" provides comfort or support during traumatic experiences. Sir Ernest Shackleton in his book South, described his belief that an incor...
Cryptids of New Zealand
August 31, 2015 03:02 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how NASA has started a new year long study of isolation to simulate life on Mars in Hawaii, the Malaysian Prime Minister claims that missing flight MH370 was deliberately diverted and a man in Nevada claims that Aliens followed him on a lonely road one night. Then after the break Cam and Kyle discuss some of the strange Cryptids of New Zealand. Don't forget if you want more Expanded Perspectives there is always more on Expanded Per...
A Trojan Feast
August 24, 2015 13:49 - 1 hourOn this episode of Expanded Perspectives the boys talk about how a Yeti recently posed for a portrait by a Russian Artist, some strange encounters involving some missing time and aliens in the Cabwaylingo Forest in West Virginia. Then after the break the guys speak with friend of the show Joshua Cutchin about his new book "A Trojan Feast: The Food and Drink Offerings of Aliens, Faeries, and Sasquatch". Joshua Cutchin is a native of North Carolina with a long interest in forteana. He holds a ...
The Newport Tower
August 17, 2015 02:03 - 1 hourOn this weeks episode of Expanded Perspectives the guys talk about how we should not dismiss the dangers of killer robots so quickly and a real life Red Sonja has been discovered in Kazakhstan. Then after the break Cam and Kyle talk about the Newport Tower. Who could of built it and does it have Masonic ties? Also called the Old Stone Tower, Touro Tower, Old Stone Mill or, simply, The Tower, standing near the west end of Touro Park in Newport, Rhode Island, the round stone structure and its ...