Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by an allergic reaction to organic environmental antigens, such as mold or bird feathers. Kevin Dsouza, MD, a pulmonologist, discusses the complex diagnosis and management of HP: how specialists distinguish HP from other diseases by analyzing acute symptoms, patient histories, and CT scans; how cases of fibrotic and nonfibrotic HP are treated differently; and how physicians can help patients to identify and prevent exposure to the culprit antigen.