Joe Grogan, former Assistant to the President and Director, White House Domestic Policy Council in the Trump Administration, shares his insights on several outstanding policy challenges. How has the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) reshaped innovators’ investment patterns in new drugs, and what adjustments might improve outcomes? It will be difficult to keep the proposed Next Gen $5 billion for Covid vaccines and therapies at the top of the agenda on the Hill, in the absence of strong figures like Senators Burr and Kennedy. While the NIH budget needs to be re-prioritized, CDC needs “massive cultural change.” Progress on anti-microbial resistance and steering the Pandemic All-Hazards Preparedness Act to a successful re-authorization each rest ultimately on leadership.