Paul Dicken (Cambridge) gives a talk at the MCMP Workshop on Carnap titled "Tolerance & Voluntarism". Abstract: Carnap's dissolution of the scientific realism debate rests upon two central claims:the first regarding the appropriate logical reconstruction of a scientific theory;the second, a background conception of the nature of ontological dispute. Recentwork has focused on the first of these claims; in this talk I discuss the second,and relate it to similar moves made by van Fraassen in his own articulation of empiricism.