De Gaulle agrees to Algerian independence.  A million Pied Noir leave Algeria, most go to France, some to Spain, Canada and Israel.  A history of Algeria since 1962, FLN seize power and the country becomes a one party state.  A biography of Boumediene the president of Algeria between 1965 and 1978,  Under his rule many of those who fought for Algerian independence suffer under his regime.