Dilemma Podcast artwork

Dilemma Podcast

89 episodes - English - Latest episode: about 1 month ago - ★★★★★ - 64 ratings

Solving the problems of what to do next with some of today's top thinkers and writers.

Hosted by Jay Shapiro.

Philosophy Society & Culture
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Episodes

The Palestine Collection - Zionism and a Speech For the Future

February 27, 2024 18:17 - 51 minutes - 70.8 MB

In the final part of this series, Jay dissects the definition of the words Zionism, Israel, and Judaism and delivers a Speech he wishes a future Prime Minister of Israel would give. The entire collection and all resources can be found here: whatjaythinks.com

The Palestine Collection - Zionist to Palestinian Activist - Miko Peled

February 26, 2024 17:09 - 1 hour - 89.2 MB

A conversation with Miko Peled on his journey from unquestioned Zionism to becoming an active Palestinian Activist. In this episode we discuss: Jacob Israel de Haan Where are the Palestinian Nelson Mandelas? How Miko changed his mind When the only thing left is violence Why Zionism is flawed from the beginning What the future might hold for Israel Zionism vs Judaism and more...

The Palestine Collection - Resistance or Terror? - Richard English

February 24, 2024 08:00 - 1 hour - 119 MB

A conversation with Richard English who dares ask the question "Does Terrorism Work?" In this episode we discuss: The IRA The Troubles Hamas Al Qaeda Jewish Terrorists Whether Israel is an example of successful Terrorism The motivations of terrorists How to evaluate the success of terrorists Deciphering the intent of terrorists How terrorist motivations change when they take power and more... 1948 Einstein and Arendt letter to the NY Times More information and recommendations at whatjay...

The Palestine Collection - '48 Never Ended - Gideon Levy

February 23, 2024 09:17 - 1 hour - 84.7 MB

A conversation with Haaretz journalist Gideon Levy where we take the pulse of Israel and discuss how he came to question the Zionist project and where we might go from here. In this episode he discusses: Two State Solutions What Israelis know How America ruined Israel Why journalists censor themselves The power of American Jews to change things If there is any hope Does Israel have a plan? More information and recommendations at whatjaythinks.com

The Palestine Collection - The Problem of History

February 22, 2024 14:56 - 50 minutes - 69.9 MB

Jay Shapiro breaks down arguments being presented by popular thinkers such as Sam Harris and from Zionists who defend Israel. He walks through the complications of deciphering the popularity of Islamism and Jihadism and Hamas and he outlines the mentality of "tribal essentialism".He teases a trilogy of upcoming episodes with Gideon Levy, Richard English, and Miko Peled. In this episode he discusses: Deciphering IDF intentions Settler expansion Roman Abramovich Birthright Zionism as Col...

S03E11: Monsters and Distance - David Livingstone Smith

November 14, 2023 11:26 - 1 hour - 109 MB

David Livingstone Smith has been studying "dehumanization" for decades and has written three books on the subject. In this episode Jay and Smith apply his findings to the current conflict in Israel and broaden their scope to examine how a rising modern factor of "Distance" interplays with violence.

S03E10: Antisemitism and the Future of Analysis

October 25, 2023 16:08 - 43 minutes - 59.9 MB

Jay Shapiro's personal essay and account of how the disfigurement of American Judaism has forged an existential crisis for something much bigger than survival of the state of Israel.

S03E09: Israel and Palestine - Malevolent Machinery

October 20, 2023 14:22 - 27 minutes - 37.9 MB

A nuanced look at the morality of intentions and self-deceptions in the Israel Palestinian conflict. A look at the moral distinction between collateral damage, intentional civilian targeting, and something much more common and psychologically complex which the Jewish experience makes Israel particularly suspectable to. Referenced in this episode: The Rest Is Politics - Husam Zomlot The Rest Is Politics - Yuval Noah Harari Slavoj Zizek - Bookfair Speech on Israel and Palestine Essay pu...

S03E07: Thinking of it That Way - Monica Guzman

August 01, 2023 15:17 - 1 hour - 151 MB

Is there any hope for that strained or broken relationship that's become a causality of the political divide? Is common ground found best by going towards our superficial commonalities or in the direction of our deepest existential fears and hopes? Are the toxic business models of social media too much for us to overcome? Monica Guzman is the blue leaning daughter of two Trump voting Mexican immigrants and is the head of storytelling for Braver Angels - an organization dedicated to healing ...

S03E08: Objects Without Us - Ian Bogost

March 07, 2022 16:30 - 1 hour - 102 MB

What is it like to be a baseball bat? This episode is a dive into the philosophical approach known as Object Oriented Ontology (OOO) with the author and philosopher Ian Bogost. Ian Bogost is a video game designer, author, and philosopher known for his most recent book Play Anything, but this episode is all about his book Alien Phenomenology: or What is it Like to be a Thing?

S03E06: Aspirational Nations - Tero Lundstedt

February 21, 2022 13:00 - 1 hour - 126 MB

How many countries are there? 197? 193? 180? It depends who you ask and who is counting. What constitutes a "state"? How does that differ from a "nation"? Why do certain claims of self determined statehood go unrecognized while others are accepted and others are disputed. How do we respond to Putin's actions in Ukraine? How does the diminished and tarnished role of US global leadership affect world stability? Will Europe step up and fill the void? Is China really the threat that we fear they...

S03E05: What Kind of Truth? - Spencer Greenberg

January 17, 2022 12:00 - 1 hour - 128 MB

Does 2+2 really equal 4? What realm of truth am I in when I speak about my pain? What kind of truth claim is it to speak about the existence of "Poland"? How about the existence of ghosts and gods? Spencer Greenberg breaks down his taxonomy of truth claims to help us better understand what we and others might be saying when we declare something to be true. He also lays out his personal philosophy of Valuism, a deceptively simple yet illuminating framework that can guide your behavior and fo...

S03E04: The Limits of Libertarianism - Nick Gillespie

January 10, 2022 12:00 - 2 hours - 126 MB

Is it possible that the default position of libertarianism which has so deeply influenced politics, economics, and philosophy since the enlightenment could produce an ecosystem which stalls our ability to handle the existentially daunting task of freedom? Does the political structure of libertarianism dissolve into a fantasy the moment it encounters a problem of the commons like COVID or climate change? Is a conception of libertarianism as a "freedom from" preferrable to a conception of it a...

S03E03: Competing Against Everything - Alfie Kohn

January 03, 2022 16:50 - 45 minutes - 62.1 MB

What if much of what we do to our children works directly against what we profess we ultimately want for them? Alfie Kohn argues that things like homework, grades, systems of praise and punishment, reward and sanction, and generally the enforcement of an atmosphere of fierce competition in education all undermine our stated goals. So are the goals wrong? Are the goals false? Or is something much more fundamental to society in need of a major rethink? Alfie Kohn is an accomplished author, ...

S03E02: The Abortion Question - Bethel McGrew

November 01, 2021 11:00 - 1 hour - 161 MB

Is abortion ever morally permissible? Is it always wrong? Are there any morally valid exceptions? Do any if the answers to these questions demand a certain kind of legal limitation? Where and how do we ground any of these contemplations? In this philosophical dive into the fraught issue of abortion, Jay tangles with Bethel McGrew (Esther O'Reilly) who brings her deeply Christian perspective to the table. Together they look for existential overlap and their deep points of departure. Referen...

S03E01: Our Modern Disquiet - Benjamin Storey

October 25, 2021 12:32 - 1 hour - 83 MB

You know that strange nagging restlessness that you feel in your core? That difficulty focusing on what's in front of you? That flittering from one path to another to another in the hopes of finally feeling your purpose? That deep dissatisfaction with the ignorance we have about the deepest existential questions of life? This episode is about that restlessness. Benjamin Storey (along with his wife and co-author Jenna Silber-Storey) wrote a fantastic book called Why We Are Restless which tr...

S02E22: High School Philosophy - Lawrenceville Ethics Bowl Team

March 15, 2021 13:00 - 1 hour - 87.5 MB

Do we underestimate the ability of High Schoolers to tackle complex politically charged existential and moral philosophy problems with nuance, intelligence, and compassion? I hope this episode will convince you that we absolutely do. Jay has served as a judge for the High School Ethics Bowl for six years. In this episode he speaks with 5 students who participated this year on the view of the world from high school, their favorite and least favorite cases, their future excitement and trepida...

S02E21: Are we in a simulation? Does it matter? - Rizwan Virk

March 03, 2021 12:00 - 1 hour - 107 MB

Quantum mechanics, mathematical robustness, dream state deja vu oddities... these are all things that one would expect to find in a simulated world. Wait, so are we in a simulation? Author, investor, and video game pioneer Rizwan Virk joins Jay for a deep conversation taking on the Simulation Theory first made famous by Nick Bostrom. They strike gold when the conversation shifts to the philosophical and psychological implications of the theory rather than the truth of the theory itself.

S02E20: Conspiracies Everywhere - Hugo Drochen and Annemarie S Walter

February 22, 2021 18:29 - 1 hour - 140 MB

What kind of environmental and individual factors lead to the proliferation of conspiracy theories? Jay is joined by co-authors and researchers Hugo Drochen and Annemarie S Walter to discuss their paper "Conspiracy Thinking in Europe and America: A Comparative Study". Jay opens by telling his personal story of flirtation with conspiracy and pays homage to a good friend who recently took his own life, Ellery Samson.

S02E19: Quantum Computing - Sean Holland

February 08, 2021 12:00 - 1 hour - 111 MB

Have artificial intelligence fears been overblown? Are we glossing over the much more pressing issue of weaponized quantum computing? Or are these tandem problems? What the heck is a computer anyway and what would make one "quantum"? Jay discusses these issues and more with philosopher, consultant, and co-Founder of the QC Ethics Initiative (QCEthics.org) Sean Holland. In the open, three famous rules of technology from Arthur C. Clarke help Jay demystify the computer with metal buckets, ro...

S02E18: Hostage - Michael Scott Moore

January 25, 2021 12:00 - 1 hour - 98.8 MB

Michael Scott Moore was held captive by pirates in Somalia for 977. He recounts what philosophies and psychological tactics got him through the experience while he and Jay ponder the moral dilemma of whether or not to pay ransoms to criminals and terrorists. Discussed in this episode: stoicism, a message from the Pope, living with guilt and gratitude, the elasticity of the human mind, and the loose analogy to being held captive by COVID-19. Subscribe to Jay's low key email reminders to kee...

Jay's Special Comment on The Coup with Michael Scott Moore

January 09, 2021 14:02 - 14 minutes - 19.6 MB

On the using of the word "coup" to describe the events in Washington on Jan 6 2021. Subscribe to Jay's low key email reminders to keep up with when he writes something new, releases something new, appears as a guest on something, plans a live event, or has an urgent book or film recommendation at whatjaythinks.com

S02E17: Atheistic search for god - Seth Andrews

January 04, 2021 12:00 - 1 hour - 128 MB

Seth Andrews was a Christian Radio host in Tulsa Oklahoma before he began his intellectual journey to atheism. Jay and Seth discuss the philosophies underpinning the religious worldview and how it continues to inform our political landscape. Jay lays out exactly what the title of this episode means with the help of his favorite Richard Feynman clip. Subscribe to Jay's low key email reminders to keep up with when he writes something new, releases something new, appears as a guest on somethi...

S02E16: The Silence Beyond Sound - Scott Barry Kaufman

December 14, 2020 12:00 - 1 hour - 117 MB

Why do we avoid intimacy when we know it is the deepest need we have? Scott Barry Kaufman is an author, psychologist, and podcast host. His latest book "Transcend" continues the work of Abraham Maslow who introduced the hierarchy of needs. Jay and Scott discuss: peak experience, 1st order and 2nd order desires, the danger of gurus, the vulnerability of intimacy, the higher grumbles, utopias, and much more. Jay ponders the tragedy of Jonestown and also asks the listeners for a future show i...

S02E15: Speech on Campus - Sigal Ben-Porath

December 07, 2020 12:00 - 1 hour - 101 MB

Are the kids alright? Sigal Ben-Porath and Jay discuss the thorny issues of free speech on college campus by first traversing some philosophical groundwork offered by Hannah Arendt. Together they explore what speech is "beyond the pale", "a waste of time", "too dangerous", or simply disingenuous cover for nefarious politics. Ultimately, the questions of what kinds of responsibilities educational (and housing) institutions have to their students and tenants and what the purpose of school rea...

S02E14: Thanksgiving 2020 - Mom

November 26, 2020 21:42 - 46 minutes - 64.3 MB

Jay and his mom Sally talk about old age, being thankful in a strange year, and the lessons they're learning from COVID. Video posted on YouTube: https://youtu.be/oeboanFZOG8 Happy Thanksgiving from Dilemma Subscribe to Jay's low key email reminders to keep up with when he writes something new, releases something new, appears as a guest on something, plans a live event, or has an urgent book or film recommendation at whatjaythinks.com

S02E13: The Power of Memes - Susan Blackmore

October 21, 2020 11:00 - 1 hour - 63.8 MB

Did Charles Darwin discover something much more fundamental than the origin of species? A defense and exploration of the field of memetics with Professor Susan Blackmore. Jay and Susan make their way through the common confusions, problems, and good and bad questions to ask about memetics. Subscribe to Jay's low key email reminders to keep up with when he writes something new, releases something new, appears as a guest on something, plans a live event, or has an urgent book or film recomme...

S02E12: How To Avoid a Civil War - Mike Selinker

October 12, 2020 13:15 - 1 hour - 109 MB

Jay goes down the dark paths that might lie ahead spurred by the 2020 US election with Mike Selinker. Mike is an award winning game designer and game theorist who writes frequently about politics. What are the historical analogies that could warn us and help us steer clear of the dangers? This episode follows the format of Mike's viral essay "A wargame designer defines our four possible civil wars". Available here: https://medium.com/@mikeselinker/a-wargame-designer-describes-our-four-possi...

S02E11: Home Field Advantage - Jon Wertheim

September 28, 2020 11:00 - 1 hour - 97.5 MB

A look at the philosophical side of sports and what we can learn about human behavior in the time of COVID altered stadiums. Jay speaks with veteran sports writer Jon Wertheim as they focus in a particular chapter from his book Scorecasting: The Hidden Influences Behind How Sports Are Played and Games Are Won all about "home field advantage" and what exactly caused home teams to win so much... before COVID changed everything. Subscribe to Jay's low key email reminders to keep up with when ...

S02E10: Too Much Information - Cass Sunstein

September 21, 2020 11:00 - 1 hour - 63 MB

What do you NOT want to know? Jay is joined by the prolific and influential behavior economist Cass Sunstein for a conversation about his latest book: Too Much Information. Discussed in this episode: The Garden of Eden, Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept metrics, the social media habit, the right to know vs the consequences of information, the usefulness of informing one's vote, the focus of attention and editorial choices, and whether Cass really did "ruin popcorn." Subscribe t...

S02E09: What is Art? - SWOON

September 14, 2020 11:00 - 1 hour - 90.7 MB

Jay tackles the age old question of philosophically defining art with the incredible street artist SWOON (Caledonia Curry). Together they wonder, can machines make art? Swoon's recent piece: The Medea https://swoonstudio.org/#/the-canyon/ Subscribe to Jay's low key email reminders to keep up with when he writes something new, releases something new, appears as a guest on something, plans a live event, or has an urgent book or film recommendation at whatjaythinks.com

S02E08: Your Right To Say It - David Goldberger

September 07, 2020 11:00 - 1 hour - 96.3 MB

David Goldberger was raised as a proud Jew. In 1977, he was working as a civil liberties attorney for the ACLU in Illinois when a Neo-Nazi named Frank Collin knocked on his door claiming his first amendment rights were being violated. In this episode David Goldberger revisits the famous Supreme Court case, National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie.  Jay and David tease out the complications of free speech and what has changed, if anything, since 1977.  Also discussed in this ...

S02E07: The Lessons of Black Panther - Chloe Valdary

August 31, 2020 11:00 - 1 hour - 141 MB

Chloe Valdary, Coleman Hughes, and Jay Shapiro consider the analogies and lessons of Marvel's Black Panther. Discussed in this episode: tensions with policing, Black Lives Matter, the original Black Panther movement of the 60's, the differing philosophies of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, and the eternal task of the superhero to resist our darkest impulses.  This conversation was recorded on August 18th, 2020, in New York City's Central Park, 10 days before the death of the star of ...

S02E06: Illusionism Part 2 : Finding Each Other - Keith Frankish

August 25, 2020 10:00 - 1 hour - 55.3 MB

In part 2 of this conversation, Keith Frankish and Jay talk about the implications of the illusionists view of mind and consciousness. They forecast the moral, social, and political fallout of a world which would embrace illusionism while lamenting the confused state of conversations being exported to the public on this subject. Jay recalls a depressing experience in Iceland with a Buddhist monk ill-equipped to handle deserving inquiries into the mysteries of mind and death. Ultimately, Fr...

S02E05: Illusionism Part 1 : What Needs Explaining - Keith Frankish

August 17, 2020 11:00 - 1 hour - 85.8 MB

“Illusionists deny that experiences have phenomenal properties and focus on explaining why they seem to have them” In part 1 of this 2 part interview Jay discusses what exactly is meant by this statement from renowned philosopher of mind and author Keith Frankish. What part of our conscious experience, if any, is real and demands an explanation? Does the idea of a philosophical zombie make any sense? Are we ready to throw out all science and understanding while we forever chase down an ill...

S02E04: History Rhymes - Uyghur Genocide - Rahima Mahmut

August 06, 2020 15:35 - 1 hour - 99.8 MB

An urgent episode about a genocide unfolding in China. Rahima Mahmut is the U.K. Project Director, World Uyghur Congress. https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/ Crowdfunding link here: https://www.gofundme.com/f/stop-Uyghur-genocide www.stopuyghurgenocide.org.uk Study about the global supply chains stained with Uyghur slave labor: Uyghurs for Sale  https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale PBS’s Undercover China documentary: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/china-undercover/ Subsc...

S02E04: History Rhymes - Uyghur Genocide

August 06, 2020 15:35 - 1 hour - 99.8 MB

An urgent episode about a genocide unfolding in China. Rahima Mahmut is the U.K. Project Director, World Uyghur Congress. https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/ Crowdfunding link here: https://www.gofundme.com/f/stop-Uyghur-genocide www.stopuyghurgenocide.org.uk Study about the global supply chains stained with Uyghur slave labor: Uyghurs for Sale  https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale PBS’s Undercover China documentary: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/china-undercover/

S02E03: Virtual Afterlives - Candi Cann

August 05, 2020 11:47 - 53 minutes - 74.2 MB

Are virtual worlds any different than real worlds? A mother is reunited with her deceased daughter in virtual reality for a South Korean TV show. Jay Shapiro speaks with Associate Professor and author Candi Cann about the ways in which technology is intersecting with death and grief rituals. Professor Cann's book on the subject is available here. Find a bonus conversation with Adelle Archer, the founder of eterneva diamonds at dilemmapodcast.com Subscribe to Jay's low key email reminders...

S02E02: The Meaning of Travel - Emily Thomas

July 20, 2020 11:00 - 1 hour - 117 MB

What does travel mean? Why has formal philosophy largely ignored the question? Just how strange is it to release a book on travel in the time of a global lock down and what exactly is the world missing right now? Jay introduces Frank Jackson's famous "Mary's Room" thought experiment to consider the notion of experience vs imagination in the context of travel. Jay and Emily swap travel stories of giant Pringles cans in Ghana and Christmas villages in Alaska. Jay ends by considering travel a...

S02E01: Unattractive Discrimination - Francesca Minerva

July 06, 2020 10:00 - 1 hour - 113 MB

We often hear about racism, sexism, classism, and other familiar kinds of discrimination. But there is a bias which might dwarf them all, discrimination against unattractive people. Jay Shapiro speaks with philosopher, author, and researcher Francesca Minerva on the topic of "Lookism" and introduces John Rawls' famous "Veil of Ignorance" thought experiment to consider just how challenging this type of discrimination is. We ponder how evolution and society both shape our ideas of physical at...

Ep 18: Can We Sue China? - William Burke-White

April 10, 2020 12:00 - 1 hour - 80.1 MB

International law scholar and professor William Burke-White speaks with Jay Shapiro during the ongoing global COVID19 crises. They discuss the philosophical foundations of international law, why globalism needs to re-brand itself to be more "local", the legal process of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the apparent absence of the United Nations in this pandemic, the rapidly changing role of China on the world stage, the potential for international legal and political retribution, a...

S01E18: Can We Sue China? - William Burke-White

April 10, 2020 12:00 - 1 hour - 80.1 MB

International law scholar and professor William Burke-White speaks with Jay Shapiro during the ongoing global COVID19 crises. They discuss the philosophical foundations of international law, why globalism needs to re-brand itself to be more "local", the legal process of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the apparent absence of the United Nations in this pandemic, the rapidly changing role of China on the world stage, the potential for international legal and political retribution, a...

S01E17: Surviving a Slow Motion Disaster - Amanda Ripley

March 30, 2020 16:49 - 1 hour - 103 MB

Amdana Ripley, best selling author of "The Unthinkable: Who Survives when Disaster Strikes and Why" talks with Jay Shapiro during coronavirus lock down. Topics discussed: Ripley's work with ignored hurricane warnings, 9/11 rescues, stampedes at the Hajj, surviving plane crashes, what good risk communication sounds like, what personal resilience means for our collective safety, and the danger of "negative panic" What habits are we learning now and what might we want to retain when this is o...

Ep 17: Surviving a Slow Motion Disaster - Amanda Ripley

March 30, 2020 16:49 - 1 hour - 103 MB

Amdana Ripley, best selling author of "The Unthinkable: Who Survives when Disaster Strikes and Why" talks with Jay Shapiro during coronavirus lock down. Topics discussed: Ripley's work with ignored hurricane warnings, 9/11 rescues, stampedes at the Hajj, surviving plane crashes, what good risk communication sounds like, what personal resilience means for our collective safety, and the danger of "negative panic" What habits are we learning now and what might we want to retain when this is o...

S01E16: Pandemic Special: Invisible Responsibility COVID-19

March 16, 2020 13:10 - 1 hour - 108 MB

Jay and Coleman discuss the giant trolley problem that we're all living through in the midst of the  pandemic.  Topics discusses: The "worry-wart" paradox. Invisible responsibility of spreading a virus. Social media etiquette and how to deal with accounts with large follower totals in a time of crisis. The case for pure scientific research. Countries focused on how not "get" it versus countries focused on how not to "give it. And of course which movies, board games, shows, and books to enjo...

Ep 16: Pandemic Special: Invisible Responsibility COVID-19

March 16, 2020 13:10 - 1 hour - 108 MB

Jay and Coleman discuss the giant trolley problem that we're all living through in the midst of the  pandemic.  Topics discusses: The "worry-wart" paradox. Invisible responsibility of spreading a virus. Social media etiquette and how to deal with accounts with large follower totals in a time of crisis. The case for pure scientific research. Countries focused on how not "get" it versus countries focused on how not to "give it. And of course which movies, board games, shows, and books to enjo...

Ep 15: Season 1 in Hindsight - Jay Shapiro

March 09, 2020 10:00 - 1 hour - 98.7 MB

Jay reviews Season 1 with the help of his girlfriend, a piano, and a glass of wine. Submit your Season 2 Dilemma Ideas to [email protected]

S01E15: Season 1 in Hindsight - Jay Shapiro

March 09, 2020 10:00 - 1 hour - 98.7 MB

Jay reviews Season 1 with the help of his girlfriend, a piano, and a glass of wine. Submit your Season 2 Dilemma Ideas to [email protected]

S01E14: Selecting for Deafness - David Deutsch

February 26, 2020 12:00 - 2 hours - 128 MB

In the finale of Dilemma Season 1 famed author of "The Fabric of Reality" and "The Beginning of Infinity", David Deutsch, sits down with Jay Shapiro to discuss the ethics of a situation where deaf parents wish to use genetic selection techniques to intentionally choose having a deaf child. Deutsch lays out his intricately developed theories on knowledge, creativity, explanation, persons, and moral realism in order to address this complex question. Co-Hosts Jay Shapiro and Coleman Hughes jug...

Ep 14: Selecting for Deafness - David Deutsch

February 26, 2020 12:00 - 2 hours - 128 MB

In the finale of Dilemma Season 1 famed author of "The Fabric of Reality" and "The Beginning of Infinity", David Deutsch, sits down with Jay Shapiro to discuss the ethics of a situation where deaf parents wish to use genetic selection techniques to intentionally choose having a deaf child. Deutsch lays out his intricately developed theories on knowledge, creativity, explanation, persons, and moral realism in order to address this complex question. Co-Hosts Jay Shapiro and Coleman Hughes jug...