The Arctic and the Antarctic are privileged locations for observers interested in understanding how our world is shaped by the forces of nature and the workings of history. These areas have inspired countless humans to undertake epic expeditions of discov

Marine mammals face considerable challenges to reproduce. Pinnipeds have the possibility to exit the water and most of them reproduce on the dry while cetaceans and sirenians never exit the water and must copulate and give birth in the liquid medium facing problems like hydrodynamics, the absence of a stable support and no limbs to help keeping the partner close to oneself. Strategies differ among the species and the variety of solutions is amazing.