Background Screening Tips & Tech
62 episodes - English - Latest episode: about 2 months ago - ★★★★★ - 4 ratingsOn this show we will be providing tips as it relates to Background Screening to help you screen more effectively, efficiently and compliantly. We will be sharing and reviewing technology used by HR professionals to be more efficient in their recruiting, background screening on boarding and monitoring of employees. We will be interviewing industry experts and influencers as well.
Homepage Apple Podcasts Google Podcasts Overcast Castro Pocket Casts RSS feed
Episodes
Court Access Fees are on the RISE... Why?
February 27, 2024 16:00 - 2 minutes - 1.46 MBCourt Access Fees on the RISE... Why? Court access fees are on the rise. What does that mean to the screening industry and the clients that we serve? In years past we would see updates to court access fees maybe every quarter or every six months. In the last year we are seeing updated court access fees every month and the additional fees to access court records are starting to stack up. By my calculations court access fees billed to clients at my background screening company went up by m...
Los Angeles County - Dates of Birth Removed?
February 23, 2024 15:00 - 2 minutes - 2.09 MBLos Angeles County - Dates of Birth Removed? The Los Angeles County Superior court has announced that partial dates of birth will be removed from the public kiosks and from the court website. What does this mean? How does it impact you? The Los Angeles County Superior Court announced on February 20th that as of the close of business on Friday, February 23rd that partial dates of birth will no longer be available via KIOSKS or ONLINE. If you read this release carefully you will notice t...
PBSA 2023 Preview Show
September 05, 2023 15:00 - 3 minutes - 2.57 MBPBSA is celebrating 20 years. They are are a force in supporting and enhancing the background screening industry worldwide. PBSA 2023 (Texas) LOCATION: Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center (Grapevine, Texas) WHEN: Sunday, September 10th through Tuesday September 12th On this episode of Background Screening Tips and Tech, Tim Santoni provides some insights into the show. It's not too late to register for PBSA 2023. Here is a link. https://thepbsa.org/events/2023-annual-conference/ ...
Kevin Bachman Interview
July 12, 2023 14:00 - 39 minutes - 26.8 MBKevin Bachman Interview Kevin was a key executive at Employment Screen IQ, which was acquired by Sterling. He consultants with industry professionals and works with end users, CRAs and data furnishers. He is the The CRA Doctor. He is active with PBSA and has served on the BSCC committee. Kevin and his partner Jason Morris now run IQubed advisors. On this episode we talk about... How to build the VALUE of your CRA Business. PBSA Accreditation and the benefits from the compliance/legal si...
Tech Stack
June 28, 2023 22:00 - 7 minutes - 5.1 MBTech Stack The 7 Apps/Tech/Software you need to run a better a business. 1. Office 365 or Google Apps (email) 2. Accounting Software w/Payment Processing (QuickBooks or XERO 3. DocuSign or Panda Doc 4. Cloud Storage: DropBox, OneDrive, Google Drive 5. CRM – Salesforce, Zoho, ? 6. Email Marketing (MailChimp, ConvertKit, Constant Contact) 7. Team Messaging Platform (Teams, Slack)
SSN Trace... Show it or Hide it?
June 16, 2023 15:00 - 4 minutes - 3.24 MBSSN Trace... Show it or Hide it? On this episode Tim Santoni discusses the history of the SSN Trace. What it's good for. What it's not good for. The legal/compliance arguments for including the SSN trace in the report and why it might be better to run it and hide it from the report. A few options to consider. OPTION 1 -Run the SSN Trace and include all of the results in the report with no review. OPTION 2 - Run the SSN Trace and remove misspelled names, obvious errors and addresses that...
Derek Hinton - CRA Zoom- Interview
June 06, 2023 15:00 - 24 minutes - 16.8 MBDerek Hinton - CRA Zoom- Interview On this episode of Background Screening Tips & Tech, Tim Santoni interviews Derek Hinton of CRA Zoom. They discuss Derek's history in the screening industry, the PBSA Accreditation process and why it is valuable for background screening companies to complete have it. They also dive into the services that CRA Zoom offers. Stick around until the end to learn about Derek's Human Trafficking Compliance Package. CRAZoom Derek Hinton Tim Santoni
Background Screening Packages... so many options
May 25, 2023 06:00 - 4 minutes - 2.87 MBBackground Screening Packages... so many options At a bare minimum the social security number trace and national criminal database search are the typical starting point for most screening packages. The national criminal database has obvious flaws, but this search also covers high level government watch lists and sex offender registries, so it is something that employers are comfortable with as a foundation for their background report. So, once you have the SSN trace and national criminal ...
Social Media Screening... current trends
May 24, 2023 17:00 - 4 minutes - 3.48 MBSocial Media Screening... current trends Statistics- many employers are using Social Media to screen applicants, but the big question is are they doing it themselves or are they using an FCRA compliant screening partner. The current available sites being searched by the AI and Technology Solutions available cover PUBLIC profiles on LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter & TikTok. Trends- as price comes down and lawsuits arise employers will see the value in using a partner for social medi...
CRA Help Desk... Review
May 12, 2023 15:00 - 3 minutes - 2.24 MBCRA Help Desk The CRA Help Desk is a great tool offered by BRB Publications. The CRA Help Desk offers state & FCRA compliance and reporting guidelines when it comes to reporting of criminal records. If you are a researchers handling compliance and adjudication this tool is a must have. The HR Help Desk is an 'add-on' option for Background Screeners that want to offer similar resources to their clients. Things like the 7-year states, Ban The Box guidance, EEOC Guidelines and much more. ...
CourtSmart Review (Equifax)
April 19, 2023 20:00 - 6 minutes - 4.17 MBOn this episode of Background Screening Tips & Tech we review the CourtSmart Product from Equifax. With the recent changes forcing redaction of PII by courts in California this product is a great solution. Tim Santoni discusses how the solutions came to be, the pro's, the con's and dip into a bit of compliance. For more information on the CourtSmart product CLICK HERE This episode is brought to you by Santoni Backgrounds.
California Legislative ALERT
April 05, 2023 14:00 - 4 minutes - 3.05 MBCalifornia Legislative ALERT California again proves to be a challenging state for background screening industry as evident from the most recent legislative session. We are still early in the legislative calendar for 2023 but information I want to share is CRITICAL because employers and background screeners need to be prepared to engage and take action. CA SB 647– Is a bill to restore access to full dates of birth in California. You might recall that last year this BILL made it through bot...
PBSA 2022 Recap Podcast
September 19, 2022 17:00 - 6 minutes - 4.55 MBThe PBSA 2022 annual conference was held at the Gaylord Rockies Resort in Aurora, Colorado On this episode of the PODCAST I share some insights, favorite sessions, event recap and much more.
PBSA 2022 Preview Show
September 08, 2022 22:00 - 4 minutes - 2.88 MBPBSA 2022 'The Preview Show" PBSA Annual Conference (LINK) On this PODCAST Tim Santoni highlights the tracks for the PBSA Annual Conference in 2022. Legal Compliance Business International Drug Testing Tenant Screening Tim also points out the sessions and speakers that he will be focused on at the show. IQubed Advisors (Jason Morris, Kevin Bachman & Nick Fishman) Pam Devata, Seyfarth Shaw LLP Scott Paler, Dewitt Leah Braukman, Arnall Golden Gregory, LLP Bruce Berg, Berg Consulti...
Gary DeWitt - Epic Concepts Interview
September 06, 2022 15:00 - 22 minutes - 15.7 MBTim Santoni interview Gary DeWitt, President of Epic Concepts. Gary is a veteran of the background screening industry (30+ years). He has owned a Background Screening Company (Vericorp) and he now runs Epic Concepts which is a software platform used by Background Screeners (CRAs) and data furnishers/providers. Gary continues to be excited about the Background Screening industry and the suite of "EZy" products (EZy Check, EZ APP, EZy ATS, EZy v-interview) developed and optimized within the ...
Kirill Klokov Interview
August 30, 2022 15:00 - 29 minutes - 20.2 MBKirill Klokov, the CEO & Co-Founder of TRUV joins Tim Santoni on the podcast. Kirill shares his story from an immigrant needing to get a loan without a credit history and how that impacted the quoted rate. Kirill got his MBA at Standford and has worked at SIDEKICK, CARTA, TRUST WATE & EZHOME. Kirill launched TRUV in lated 2021. TRUV is a technology that background screeners (CRAs) and mortgage companies use to verify employment. The TRUV solution allows applicants to authenticate dire...
Tom Pilkington (TazWorks / MeridianLink) INTERVIEW
August 02, 2022 15:00 - 23 minutes - 16 MBTom Pilkington ROLE: Strategic Customer Success Executive at MeridianLink Tom has vast experience and knowledge of the background screening industry. 1) Industry experience & current role at Tazworks/MeridianLink 2) Tom shares insights into the transition of Tazworks being acquired by MeridianLink and what that means to Tazworks clients 3) What's new at Tazworks? New advancements in the products, tools, analytics and resources 4) Industry trends 5) Highlights why partnering with a software...
James Tunkey of I-OnAsia (Interview)
July 27, 2022 18:00 - 25 minutes - 17.3 MBJames Tunkey of I-OnAsia joins the podcast. We discuss these topics. 1) What is top risk factor that comes with not screening international employees? Risk Factors Defined Who does I-OnAsia work with in uncovering RISK FACTORS? What are the problems with PROPER background screening & investigations (INTL)? Problems with most investigation & screening practices 2) Best practices on Supply chain vetting. What issues can arise when companies are NOT thoroughly vetting suppliers/dist...
Social Security Number (SSN) Trace-Person Search-Address History... WHY?
June 02, 2022 15:00 - 4 minutes - 2.83 MBOn this episode I talk about the issues that the social security number trace / person search / address history can cause as part of a background screening report. Generally speaking the SSN trace is bad data. The true source of the data cannot be confirmed and it cannot be verified. The legal guidance suggests that the SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER TRACE should no longer be part of a background screening report (client facing report or consumer facing report). It should be used by background sc...
Tazworks / MeridianLink User Forum (2022)
May 23, 2022 18:00 - 5 minutes - 3.99 MBThe Tazworks / MeridianLink user forum was held in Huntington Beach, CA. This podcast is a recap of the event.
Employment Verifications - the New Landscape
May 12, 2022 15:00 - 6 minutes - 4.59 MBThe new landscape, the new technologies, and the new players. On this episode Tim Santoni talks about the new technology and providers that are looking to get around employment verifications that previously required The Work Number. The providers that Tim talks about are list below. Measure One TRUV SJV (now Inform Data)
Date of Birth & ID Redaction issues in California and Michigan
May 03, 2022 17:00 - 4 minutes - 3.2 MBThe date of birth redaction changes in Michigan and California are causing issues. On this episode of background screening tips & tech we dive into the current state of affairs and provide some updates. It is no surprise that the DOB Redaction changes in Michigan and California are impacting criminal case research. The turnaround times are up and the ability to verify records is challenging. Listen in to see what PBSA and their attorney are doing to fight the battle. PBSA Bulletins htt...
Delays...Outages... Service Challenges- The "NEW" normal?
April 21, 2022 20:00 - 5 minutes - 4.04 MBDelays...Outages... Service Challenges- The "NEW" normal? The delays encountered by the background screening industry due to the COVID 19 pandemic were significant. Courthouses were closed, then they were open with reduced staffing, then they closed again. Clinics and labs saw their employees leave they had to reduce hours of operation and even closed some facilities. Now the industry as a whole is seeing a dramatic increase in the number of applicants to be screened which is putting more...
Greg Hauser of Ingram Micro Interview
February 01, 2022 06:00 - 21 minutes - 14.6 MBGreg Hauser, VP of Global Talent Acquisition joins the show Tune in to here some of the secrets that Greg has to share... The discussion is focused around talent acquisition, on-boarding and background screening in the post-COVID environment. Greg shares his 5 key points of focus... 1) Candidate led environment 2) New and improved focus on BRAND values 3) Virtual Work & On-site work (Hybrid Approach) 4) Retention & Development focus 5) Data Driven Decision Making We also discuss the c...
Staffing Shortages, Supply Shortages & Updated CCF = DELAYS
October 25, 2021 15:00 - 4 minutes - 3.17 MBStaffing Shortages, Supply Shortages & Updated CCF = DELAYS Staffing shortages, Supply Shortages, and the new Federal Chain of Custody form are causing delays with regard to substance abuse, drug testing and occupational health screening. According to i3 Screen the delays are costing employers approximately 3-6 additional days. COVID Testing scheduling from i3Screen & eScreen is not an option at this time. What can be done? Expect client inquiries.
California Criminal Record Change Complicates Background Screening (UPDATE)
October 12, 2021 17:00 - 4 minutes - 3.23 MBCalifornia Criminal Record Change Complicates Background Screening (UPDATE) The court case impacting the changes was not heard by the appeals court so now the courts are making changes that impact all of us. Here is a summary of the case in question... In All of Us or None v. Hamrick, the plaintiffs, including a civil and human rights organization supporting ex-offenders, alleged that Riverside County and its executive officer and clerk allowed users of the Riverside Superior Court’s publ...
PBSA 2021
September 21, 2021 15:00 - 2 minutes - 1.76 MBPBSA 2021 The PBSA Annual Conference was held in Anaheim, California. PBSA utilized a hybrid model allow physical attendees and speakers as well as remote access. There were in-person attendees and remote attendees could access the sessions and networking events virtually. It was exciting to see friends, colleagues and partners face – to – face, but the conference lacked the typical energy. This was mainly because there were far fewer attendees and there were very few exhibitors. In fact...
PBSA 2021
September 21, 2021 15:00 - 2 minutes - 1.76 MBPBSA 2021 The PBSA Annual Conference was held in Anaheim, California. PBSA utilized a hybrid model allow physical attendees and speakers as well as remote access. There were in-person attendees and remote attendees could access the sessions and networking events virtually. It was exciting to see friends, colleagues and partners face – to – face, but the conference lacked the typical energy. This was mainly because there were far fewer attendees and there were very few exhibitors. In fact...
Darrin Lipscomb of Ferretly -- Interview
August 25, 2021 19:00 - 19 minutes - 13.4 MBInterview with Darrin Lipscomb of Ferretly Darrin is the Founder & CEO of Ferretly CONNECT WITH DARRIN ON LINKEDIN Ferretly is a web-based technology that leverages Artificial Intelligence for social media screening. Darrin has a degree from Virginia Tech and he is a 30-year veteran in the technology industry including launching several software startups with successful exits. His companies have provided unique, forward-thinking solutions focused primarily on Fortune 500 companies and go...
Interview with Montserrat Miller of Arnall Golden & Gregory
August 25, 2021 15:00 - 32 minutes - 22.4 MBMontserrat Miller of Arnall Golden & Gregory joins the podcast! Montserrat is a partner at Arnall Golden & Gregory and she is co-chair of the background screening industry team She is certified by the International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP) as Certified Information Privacy Professionals in both the designations for the United States and European Union (CIPP/US and CIPP/E). AGG is a recognized member in good standing with the Professional Background Screening Association...
California Court Ruling Complicates Background Screening
August 10, 2021 18:00 - 5 minutes - 3.81 MBCalifornia Court Ruling Complicates Background Screening The court decision would force California courts to removes full dates of birth and drivers' license numbers from their indices. The court case is on appeal, but many counties are already making changes that impact how records can be searched for. Most notably, Los Angeles County has made the change as well as Tulare, Fresno, Kern, and Yuba Counties. This change will increase the overall cost of conducting background checks and incr...
Brett Buettner Interview
June 14, 2021 15:00 - 16 minutes - 11.3 MBBrett Buettner Interview Brett Buettner, managing partner at Buettner Insurance Agency joined the podcast. He answered questions related to employee benefits (specifically HEALTH insurance) and how it impacts recruiting. He also discussed industry trends and the biggest mistakes employers make when evaluating their healthcare benefits. Connect with Brett: LinkedIn Buettner Insurance
Craig Caddell Interview (Wholesale Screening Solutions)
June 02, 2021 15:00 - 20 minutes - 14 MBCraig Caddell Interview (Wholesale Screening Solutions) Craig is an industry veteran. He has worked previously at a leading software provider to the CRA industry. He was a founding, board member of NAPBS (now PBSA) and also worked at Reference Pro. On the podcast we discuss the following: Industry Trends Wholesale Screening Solutions research capabilities and history. Continuous Court Records Monitoring Methodology/Technology Why to s...
Credit Reports... they aren't what you think
May 24, 2021 15:00 - 5 minutes - 3.56 MBCredit Reports... they aren't what you think Today on Background Screening tips and tech we talk about, Credit Reports… they aren’t what you think. Credit Reports seem like the most straight forward search that an employer might request, but they aren’t. Misconceptions/Myths: They should be part of every background check report. They include a credit or FICO score. They contain public records like Bankruptcies, judgments & liens. They are easy to interpret. Facts: Credit reports run as ...
Brian Fleming of Coastal Payroll - Interview
May 11, 2021 17:00 - 17 minutes - 12.1 MBBrian Fleming of Coastal Payroll - Interview On this episode of the Podcast Brian Fleming shares some insights into the challenges that employers have when working with BIG BOX payroll providers. He shares how compliance and reporting requirements change as you grow your company. Brian is very excited about the Employer Retention Credits that are available to employers and he shares who is eligible and how Coastal Payroll can help with the necessary reporting and forms. Connect with Brian...
Aashi Arora Interview
April 30, 2021 15:00 - 16 minutes - 11.6 MBAashi Arora Interview On this episode of Background Screening Tips & Tech, Tim Santoni interviews Aashi Arora of iRise Executive Coaching. Aashi Arora, is the principal executive coach at iRise and has over 20 years of executive and administrator level experience in operations, healthcare, professional mentoring and coaching. She has many certifications Gallup (Certified Strength Coach) Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt Associate Certified Coach, International Coaching Federation Emotional Int...
Bruce Berg - Berg Group Consulting- M&A, Trends... (Interview)
April 19, 2021 14:00 - 18 minutes - 12.4 MBBruce Berg - Berg Group Consulting- M&A, Trends... (Interview) On this episode of Background Screening Tips & Tech, Tim Santoni chats with Bruce Berg. Bruce is a legend in the background screening "CRA" space. He successfully grew and sold his background screening business to HireCheck which is now First Advantage. His consulting business, Berg Consulting Group, just celebrated 20 years in business. Bruce helps background screening companies improve processes and profits. He is an industr...
Leslie Groene Interview... Sales Training & Consulting Guru
April 13, 2021 17:00 - 19 minutes - 13.4 MBOn this episode Tim Santoni interviews Leslie Groene of Groene Consulting. Leslie is sales trainer, consultant and coach to businesses. Leslie focuses on determine the goals of the organization and then creating strategies and assembling a team to meet those GOALS. Connect with Leslie: Groene Consulting LinkedIn: Leslie Groene on LinkedIn
Anita Nygaard - CorHR (Interview)
April 08, 2021 18:00 - 13 minutes - 9.58 MBOn this episode we interview Anita Nygaard of CorHR. Anita Nygaard is Founder and Lead Consultant of CorHR, Inc. a Human Resources consulting firm. CorHR partners with professional services businesses across the state and country to provide expert advisory on the three C’s: Compliance, Coaching and developing Managers, and building Cultures that reinforce an effective workplace. Resources... State Website for COVID-19 guidance: https://saferatwork.covid19.ca.gov/employers/ Connect with...
Kathy Dawson of Dawson & Dawson (Interview)
March 24, 2021 17:00 - 20 minutes - 14.3 MBKathy Dawson - Dawson & Dawson Interview On this episode Tim Santoni interviews Kathy Dawson. They talk about the current state of hiring for office positions. A key area of focus is how to get productivity from a workforce that is nearly 75% remote at this point. Kathy provides some great insights from her experiences. Kathy is the former president of NAWBO and she has a Woman Owned Small Business Certification (WBENC)- Women Business Enterprise Council. She is also a Certified Staffi...
Substance Abuse Screening...Legalization of Marijuana & Policies...
March 19, 2021 21:00 - 3 minutes - 2.41 MBSubstance Abuse Screening...cannabis, compliance, policies On this episode we talk about the changes in substance abuse screening due to legalization of marijuana in many states. We also cover policies that need to be in place to have an effective substance abuse screening program. Diluted Specimens Foreign Substances in Specimens Positive Tests Timeline for ELECTRONIC passport
Social Media Screening & Monitoring
January 26, 2021 19:00 - 5 minutes - 4.07 MBSocial Media Screening & Monitoring There is a ton of buzz around social media screening. Is it going to be adopted by employers? What are the compliance risks? What can be reported? What social media platforms can be searched? Can you search private accounts? Tune in to learn more... https://www.santonibackgrounds.com
Transgender Applicants & Team Members- Background Screening Methodologies
January 11, 2021 18:00 - 2 minutes - 1.81 MBTransgender Applicants & Team Members- Background Screening Methodologies In this episode Tim Santoni talks about how the considerations you should evaluate as it relates to the background screening procedures when it comes to transgender employees and applicants. Check with your background screening partner that you are running a robust search that covers all legal names the applicant might have used. It also important to understand the difference between a legal name, alias and "nickna...
Do organizations rely TOO much on Background Checks?
December 23, 2020 16:00 - 16 minutes - 11.6 MBDo Organizations Rely on Background Checks Too Much? https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/talent-acquisition/pages/do-organizations-rely-on-background-checks-too-much.aspx In this episode of the podcast Tim & Joe discuss the points raised in this article. Of course this article illustrated some scenarios that don't occur very often and are "worst case" offenders, but it points out how flawed the system can be. The implied trust that we have in government, public companies, pri...
Nick Fishman Interview
December 17, 2020 05:00 - 21 minutes - 15.1 MBEpisode 16; Nick Fishman Interview On this episode we interview Nick Fishman who was part of the leadership team at Employment Screen IQ (CRA) where he helped grow the company that was eventually acquired by Sterling. Nick now has a consulting practice and is also the CMO at SJV Data Solutions. Biggest changes Nick has seen as far as change in policies or philosophies by HR Professionals as it relates to background screening in the last 10 years. What trend or issue scares you the most r...
HR Professionals- Holiday Wishlist (2021)
December 08, 2020 00:00 - 12 minutes - 8.39 MBOn this episode Tim & Joe cover the Holiday Wishlist for Human Resources Professionals. 1) Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) Acquire TM (EON Applications) is one of our favorites 2) Add something new to Screening & Risk Mitigation programs Social Media Screening Criminal Monitoring COVID 19 Testing 3) Evaluate / Audit your current Background Screening Provider 4) Networking... find a way to connect with industry professionals and trusted advisors SHRM, PIHRA, Chamber, etc. Wh...
Matt McGregor Interview "Nonprofit & Education Expert @ First Advantage"
December 07, 2020 23:00 - 23 minutes - 15.9 MBMatt McGregor of First Advantage (Non-Profit & Education Expert) Interview On this episode we interview Matt who is truly an expert in working with NONPROFIT organizations to support their mission while mitigating exposure to risk. Matt understands the mission of his clients. On this episode we talk with Matt about the following topics; 1. As you work across the nonprofit space what are you seeing as organizational focal points heading into 2021? 2. Honing in on safety, what aspe...
7 Year Criminal Background Checks...What does that mean exactly?
November 16, 2020 20:00 - 12 minutes - 8.53 MB7 Year Criminal Background Checks...What does that mean exactly? On this episode we clear up some of the confusion around what a 7-year criminal background check is or can be. Establishing a history of addresses reported or utilize by an applicant going back 7 years will give a background screening partner the ability to look for criminal records in all counties of residence going back that far. The 7-year reportability of convictions and non-convictions is governed by where the employer ...
COVID-19 Test Kits - INTERVIEW with Brad Carmon of Clinical Reference Laboratory
November 10, 2020 19:00 - 21 minutes - 15.1 MBCOVID-19 Test Kits - Brad Carmon of Clinical Reference Laboratory On this episode of Background Screening Tips & Tech we bring on Brad Carmon, Directo of Sales (Employer Services) to talk about the capabilities of Clinical Reference Laboratory. A privately owned testing laboratory that is one of the largest in the country. CRL was founded in 1979 and obtained their DOT (Department of Transportation) certification in 1989. They process more than 16,000 samples each day at their lab in Lene...
Background Screening Software Platforms - License Software OR Build Your Own/Homegrown
November 02, 2020 20:00 - 11 minutes - 7.7 MBBackground Screening Software Platforms - License Software OR Build Your Own/Homegrown On this episode Tim Santoni and Joe Buerlen the differences between using a background screening provider that is on a software platform like Tazworks, Deverus, Accio Data, etc. versus a homegrown, self developed platform. Their are pro's and con's to both, the most important to thing is to understand what platform is being used and understand how that platform or software impacts the following; Integra...